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              <text>This mahogany side chair is a mixture of styles, partly gothic and partly rococo. The finely carved and pierced back splat has gothic pointed arches and interlaced tracery, as well as acanthus leaves and scrolls associated with rococo style. The uprights in the back are also carved with gothic arches and the front legs are edged in foliate scrolls with sprays of leaves on the knees. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chair is probably based on the patterns published by Thomas Chippendale in The Gentleman &amp;amp; Cabinet-Maker’s Director in 1754 and republished in 1755 and 1762, although this is not a direct copy. It would have been made as one of a set of dining chairs which would have included a pair of slightly larger armchairs. The upholstery, which is modern and too thick on the seat, does otherwise follow Chippendale’s instructions: ‘The Seats look best when stuffed over the Rails, and have a Brass Border neatly chased; but are most commonly done with Brass Nails, in one or two Rows, and sometimes the Nails are done to imitate Fretwork. They are usually covered with the same Stuff as the Window-Curtains.’ (Chippendale, 1754, 1755 and 1762).</text>
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              <text>The chair has been over-restored, stripped and re-finished; the earlier finish and patina are shown in a photograph in the Frederick Parker Archive. The insensitive restoration has led to suggestions the chair may be late-19th century, but on balance the high quality of the mahogany, the skilful carving and the overall form and proportions show this to be an authentic 18th century chair.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Restoration to the shoe at the base of the splat. &lt;br /&gt;Seat rails replaced. &lt;br /&gt;Original finish stripped and re-polished. &lt;br /&gt;Re-upholstered in the 20th century.</text>
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          <name>Materials</name>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 97&lt;br /&gt;W. 64&lt;br /&gt;D. 58</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons in 1910 for £18.10.0</text>
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          <name>Notes</name>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Thomas Chippendale, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Gentleman &amp;amp; Cabinet-Maker’s Director,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 1754, 1755 and 1762, notes to Plates IX-XV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <name>Parker Numbers</name>
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              <text>1066. 2416.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>FPF120</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with gothic splat, upholstered seat and cabriole legs.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1760-1770.</text>
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                <text>A mahogany side chair in the Chippendale style, with a carved and pierced splat and top rail, cabriole front legs ending in scroll feet, and an upholstered seat.</text>
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          <name>Full Description</name>
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              <text>The oval back on this mahogany side chair is wave-moulded and the centre is elegantly carved in the form of an anthemion, or honeysuckle, which fills the frame. The stuff-over seat has curved sides and a serpentine front and is raised on square, tapered and fluted front legs, each flute ending with a distinctive circle motif. The back legs are flared. The upholstery is 20th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The anthemion was a popular motif in the neo-classical style, inspired by Ancient Greek designs and used extensively in plasterwork, joinery and furniture in the late 18th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chair was bought by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons as one of a pair and would probably have been part of a set of dining chairs. See FPF226, an oval-backed armchair of similar design with original japanning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An interesting comparison can be made between this chair and FPF376, a chair probably made by Parkers in the early 20th century, which is lighter, smaller and less substantial than this.</text>
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              <text>Refinished at the back. &lt;br /&gt;Seat rails all original. &lt;br /&gt;20th century upholstery.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany. &lt;br /&gt;Beech seat rails. &lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 94&lt;br /&gt;W. 56&lt;br /&gt;D. 58</text>
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              <text>4587</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons as a pair from Waring &amp;amp; Gillow in October 1918 for £22.0.0</text>
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              <text>A very similar set of 10 (8+2) dining chairs but with drop-in seats and stretchers was sold by the Annesley family, Shimna House, Newcastle, Co. Down, see Antiques Trade Gazette, 24 March 2007.</text>
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                <text>FPF242</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with oval anthemion back and upholstered seat.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1780-1800.</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with oval back of carved anthemion form, upholstered seat and square tapered legs with block feet.</text>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has an oval back with a carved anthemion (honeysuckle). The oval frame is moulded and carved with trailing husks at the top and a rosette at the base. It is continuous with the back legs. The stuff-over seat is compass (rounded) and waisted. The front legs are diagonally set, square section, fluted and tapering with spade feet. The back legs are rounded in section and flared. The upholstery cover is a modern red striped fabric.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This chair was probably made by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons and is derived from 18th century chairs of similar form, dating to 1780-1800; see for example FPF226 and FPF242. This reproduction model is smaller and lighter overall than 18th century examples, while the back is flat rather than concave, which is much less complex to make. It has been finished with a thick dark stain to give an appearance of age.</text>
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              <text>The anthemion splat is broken at the top, with a piece missing.&lt;br /&gt;The upholstery and cover are replaced.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 91 &lt;br /&gt;W. 43 &lt;br /&gt;D. 48</text>
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          <name>Parker Numbers</name>
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              <text>630. This is probably the OM (Old Model) number.</text>
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              <text>Probably made by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons in c. 1900.</text>
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                <text>FPF376</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with oval anthemion back and upholstered seat.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1900-1920</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with oval anthemion back and upholstered seat.</text>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has an undulating crest rail with a central carved bellflower pendant and C-scrolls, and pointed corners carved with acanthus leaves. An interlaced gothic-style pierced splat has a pierced trefoil at the base and fits into a ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. The splat is flanked by flared and tapering back posts. A tapered drop-in seat is bordered by square moulded seat rails. The chair is raised on square-section and chamfered legs joined by an H-stretcher, with a rear stretcher set slightly higher. The back legs are flared. The upholstery is late-19th century and the cover is a modern green fabric.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The design for the splat is from Thomas Chippendale’s The Gentleman &amp;amp; Cabinet-Maker’s Director (1762), plate XVI. This pattern book, first issued in 1754, was very influential, displaying a full range of furniture in the most fashionable styles. In many of his designs Chippendale created a fusion of rococo, Chinese and gothic styles to form the basis of the ‘English’ rococo. The 1754 edition printed a list of its subscribers at the front, which included the most prominent of Chippendale’s cabinet- and chair-making contemporaries, such as Richard Gillow, William Ince (Ince &amp;amp; Mayhew), Paul Saunders, and Edward Elwick and Richard Wright (Wright &amp;amp; Elwick) (Gilbert, 1978).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This chair is in good original condition, and the finish is early, i.e. it has not been given the shiny French polish finish often used by the antiques trade in the 19th century.</text>
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              <text>Right corner of crest is missing a small piece of carving.&lt;br /&gt;Front and left seat rails were replaced on 18th May 1921 for £1.15.0.&lt;br /&gt;One foot tipped.&lt;br /&gt;The seat and upholstery are replaced.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany&lt;br /&gt;The replacement front seat rail is American walnut.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 99&lt;br /&gt;W. 56 &lt;br /&gt;D. 56</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons on 12th August 1917 from Springbett for £5.0.0.</text>
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              <text>Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman &amp;amp; Cabinet-Maker’s Director, 1762, plate XVI, top, middle.&lt;br /&gt;C. Gilbert, The Life and Work of Thomas Chippendale, London, 1978, Appendix H, pp. 299-301.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with pierced gothic splat.</text>
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                <text>1765-1775</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with pierced gothic splat and drop-in seat.</text>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has an undulating crest rail carved with a central stylised acanthus leaf, and lobed ends. The inverted baluster pierced, gothic splat joins a ‘shoe’ fitted to the top of the rear seat-rail. The splat is flanked by flared, tapering back posts. A drop-in seat fits within tapering and square moulded seat rails, and the chair is raised on square-section and chamfered legs, joined by an H-stretcher and a higher back stretcher. The back legs are flared. The upholstery and red leather cover is late 19th or early 20th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a good quality mid- to late-19th century reproduction of a chair of the 1750s, as indicated by the flatness of the splat and the lack of crispness of the carving. The presence of plaster in the grain shows that the chair was French-polished, which was a common finish for 19th century furniture but not earlier. It was probably made as a fake and sold as an original 18th century chair, and was likely bought by Frederick Parker as such.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chair makes an interesting comparison with 18th century originals from a time when the pattern books were beginning to be re-published. It was possibly inspired by designs in Thomas Chippendale’s The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director (1754, 1755, 1762), or Ince &amp;amp; Mayhew’s The Universal System of Household Furniture (1762); the closest design to this chair is plate IX in Ince &amp;amp; Mayhew.</text>
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              <text>The drop in seat retains its original 19th century frame.&lt;br /&gt;Old repair to left hand front leg.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 94&lt;br /&gt;W. 56&lt;br /&gt;D. 53</text>
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              <text>OM 269. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, FPA050. Page 139.</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons pre 1911 for £2.15.0.</text>
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              <text>Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director, 1754, 1755, 1762.&lt;br /&gt;Ince &amp;amp; Mayhew, The Universal System of Household Furniture, 1762, plate IX, top left.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>1850-1870</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with pierced splat and drop-in seat.</text>
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          <name>Full Description</name>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has a serpentine crest rail with tapering upright posts, channel moulded on the front face, and a pierced vase-shaped splat, moulded and carved with scroll and leaf-work. A stuff-over seat with a serpentine front is covered in a 20th century cream and light blue striped material; the seat rails are ash. The chair is raised on tapering square-section and chamfered legs joined by H-form stretchers and a higher back stretcher. The back legs are flared.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This chair is probably by a provincial maker; the use of ash for the seat rails is indicative of a provincial rather than London practice, where beech was the commonly used wood for seat rails. Also, the chair is relatively plain and the workmanship is not of the standard typically found in furniture by London makers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The design of the back may have been influenced by those featured in George Hepplewhite’s The Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide, 3rd edition, 1798, specifically plates 2, 4 and 6 (White, 1990). It is also similar to ‘Backs for Parlour Chairs’ in Thomas Sheraton’s The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing Book, 1st edition, 1793, plates XXV and XXVIII (ibid). Furniture makers used these pattern books as a guide to fashionable styles but would often simplify the designs to suit their customers’ requirements and to make their chairs more affordable. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a similar set of six chairs at Dinton, Wiltshire (National Trust).</text>
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              <text>The splat is split in several places, with old repairs.&lt;br /&gt;The upholstery is modern.</text>
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          <name>Materials</name>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Ash.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 97 &lt;br /&gt;W. 53&lt;br /&gt;D. 61</text>
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              <text>887.  2014.</text>
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              <text>Not recorded but in the collection prior to 1993.</text>
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          <name>Notes</name>
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              <text>National Trust, Dinton. See: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/261288.1"&gt;Dining chair 261288.1 | National Trust collections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E. White, ed., Pictorial Dictionary of British 18th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, 1990, pp. 86-8, Plates 1, 4 and 6 and 95, Plates XXV and XXVIII.</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with pierced splat and upholstered seat.</text>
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                <text>1780-1800</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with pierced splat and upholstered seat.</text>
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              <text>This mahogany chair has a tapering, concave back with moulded back posts and rails. Three vertical spear-shaped pierced splats with foliate carved triangular tops rise from a moulded lower rail. The compass, or circular, stuff-over seat is covered with a modern yellow brocade. The chair is raised on tapering, turned legs at the front with ‘toupie’ feet (toupie is the French term for a spinning top). The back legs are rounded and raked. There are two elm and two walnut seat rails.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This chair back is almost certainly inspired by designs found in Thomas Sheraton’s The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing Book (1st edition, 1793) (White, 1990).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The front leg turnings together with Dutch-style braces under the seat suggest this chair might be Dutch.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Elm.&lt;br /&gt;Walnut.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 86 &lt;br /&gt;W. 46 &lt;br /&gt;D. 53</text>
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              <text>OM 4158. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 99.</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons on 21st March 1915 from Millar for £7.10.0.</text>
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              <text>ed. E. White, Pictorial Dictionary of British 18th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, 1990, p. 92, Part II, Plate 24, Fig. 36; p. 93, Part III, Plate XXXIV, right.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with round upholstered seat.</text>
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                <text>1790-1800</text>
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          <name>Full Description</name>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has a shaped concave crest rail which is continuous with waisted and moulded back posts. A solid baluster-shaped splat, carved with ‘paper-scrolls’ in the middle, joins a ‘shoe’ fitted on the rear seat rail. The tapered drop-in seat rests on square-section and moulded-edge seat rails. The chair is raised on cabriole legs at the front with acanthus carving on the knees and ears, terminating in carved paw feet. The back legs are cabriole, flared and with pad feet; they are joined by a high turned stretcher. The upholstery and leather cover on the drop-in seat are contemporary with the chair’s construction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a well-made reproduction made by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons in the early 20th century, copying chairs dating from the 1730s, typically in walnut; see for example those supplied by Daniel Bell and Thomas Moore to Sandon Hall, Staffordshire in 1734 (Bowett, 2009). It demonstrates the skill of the Parker craftsmen in making high-quality reproductions, which were both popular and more affordable than genuine antiques.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For similar period chairs in the Frederick Parker Collection see FPF073 and FPF080.</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>The upholstery and cover are original but in poor condition.</text>
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          <name>Materials</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1970">
              <text>H 99&lt;br /&gt;W. 63&lt;br /&gt;D. 56</text>
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          <name>Parker Numbers</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1971">
              <text>Attached paper label reads: ‘CN-5/75’</text>
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              <text>Made by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons.</text>
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          <name>Notes</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, p. 180, Plate 4:73.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with solid baluster splat and cabriole legs.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1966">
                <text>Mahogany side chair with a solid baluster splat, cabriole legs and drop-in upholstered seat.</text>
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      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
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          <name>Full Description</name>
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              <text>This mahogany side chair has a concave back with a tablet rail comprising a moulded frame and a central pierced panel of interlaced ovals flanked by solid panels carved with bellflower pendants. Below there is a pierced and fluted diagonal lattice splat with carved florets and rounded arches carved with foliage, with a moulded rail below. Tapering and moulded back posts are continuous with square-section and flared back legs. A deep stuff-over ‘compass’ (round) seat is raised on tapering, turned and reeded front legs with ‘toupie’ feet (toupie is French for a spinning top). The chair is covered with a modern rose damask.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pattern for this chair is possibly inspired by a design in Thomas Sheraton’s The Cabinet Dictionary (1803), plate 3. Sheraton noted that ‘Chair-making is a branch generally confined to itself; as those who professedly work at it, seldom engage to make cabinet furniture. In the country manufactories [sic] it is otherwise; yet even these pay some regard to keeping their workmen constantly at the chair, or to the cabinet work. The two branches seem evidently to require different talents in work-men, in order to become proficients [sic]’ (Fastnedge, 1965).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several features of this chair were fashionable around the period 1790 to 1800, when chair backs became lower and crest rails, often in tablet-form, became deeper and more substantial. Diagonal lattice splats were popular, as were turned front legs and ‘Grecian’ sabre back legs. The developments in chairmaking are discussed by Fastnedge, who includes an illustration of a similar chair (ibid).</text>
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              <text>The chair is in good, original condition.&lt;br /&gt;Webbing and base cloth probably 18th century. There are traces of an earlier red damask over green-glazed cotton on the outer edge of the seat rail.&lt;br /&gt;Screw repairs to right hand front leg.</text>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Beech.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 89 &lt;br /&gt;W. 51 &lt;br /&gt;D. 56</text>
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              <text>Ink inscription on base cloth (illegible).&lt;br /&gt;OM 6183. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 207.</text>
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              <text>Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp;amp; Sons on 8 May 1929 from Jade for £14.</text>
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          <name>Notes</name>
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              <text>Thomas Sheraton, The Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, plate 3.&lt;br /&gt;R. Fastnedge, ‘A Manual for Georgian Chair-makers’, Country Life, 10 June 1965, pp. 1440-1445.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>FPF278</text>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with tablet back and upholstered seat.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1790-1810</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with a pierced tablet back and upholstered seat.</text>
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          <name>Full Description</name>
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              <text>This side chair has a concave tablet back rail with reeded mouldings, with square-section back posts and two narrow rails, also reeded; the reeding is lined with black paint. The posts are continuous with flared back legs, narrowed just above the seat, and flared and tapering below. The stuff-over seat is tapered and raised on turned and tapering front legs which terminate in ‘toupie’ feet (toupie is the French term for a spinning top). The close-nailed horsehair cover and upholstery are original, although the cover is badly damaged and the straw and horsehair stuffing are visible. It is rare to find chairs of this period with the original upholstery intact, so this is an important survival.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tablet top rail became fashionable from around 1800 (Fastnedge, 1965). A similar design was illustrated in The London Chair-Makers’ and Carvers’ Book of Prices for Workmanship, 1807-11, with an option for turned or sabre front legs.</text>
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              <text>Tablet rail loose. &lt;br /&gt;Original upholstery, the horsehair cover torn leaving stuffing exposed; webbing in poor condition.</text>
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          <name>Materials</name>
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              <text>Mahogany.&lt;br /&gt;Upholstery.</text>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The physical size of the object</description>
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              <text>H. 81 &lt;br /&gt;W. 49 &lt;br /&gt;D. 47</text>
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              <text>Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation in 2001.</text>
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          <name>Notes</name>
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              <text>R. Fastnedge, ‘A Manual for Georgian Chair-Makers’, Country Life, 10 June 1965, pp. 1440-1443.&lt;br /&gt;The London Chair-Makers’ and Carvers’ Book of Prices for Workmanship, 1807 with supplements in 1808 and 1811, plate 3.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>FPF409</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Mahogany side chair with tablet back.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1800-1820</text>
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