6 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/125f5433d08f2713dcf1197d34c9a7b4.jpg e63c7cc28b4a5a53415f4acfd2895e74 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1146e1f79544e65a92816fce7aa89ddd.jpg a8e058404a011631b820e86b4212aaf4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5e7a0476f63f9b26523f598f6a8ad1d9.jpg 7b0999f0111de5e9df093c674face067 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/180bc29c1b9b20b69f68bb74d84455b7.jpg 53a55125262ccaad5c85457cb3b6bf03 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/868012685aa2fffc35e3ed692ed0bf1f.jpg af7a2f3dad563fdcad596291e0dcb7f0 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut open armchair has an upholstered high back of an unusual shape which tapers upwards to a flat, slightly scrolled crest rail. Out-scrolled ‘shepherd’s crook’ arms join a trapezoid padded seat, which is raised on square-section, chamfered and tapering front legs and similarly raked back legs, joined by a square-sectioned H-form stretcher. The chair is covered in probably 19th century close-nailed dark brown leather. The narrow webbing on the chair-back is 18th century, the wider webbing is later. Likewise, the hessian and webbing of the seat appears to be both 18th and 19th century. On the right arm there are signs of earlier tack marks suggesting a previous upholstery cover.<br /><br />This chair is an interesting example of furniture made up in the late 19th or early 20th century using some 18th century parts and re-using materials, like Baltic oak in the back framing and the leather for the upholstery covers. The right arm is typical of c.1725, the left arm is a replica; the legs and stretchers and seat frame are mid-18th century; the tapering shape of the high chair-back has no precedent in the 18th and 19th centuries, and is constructed with re-used Baltic oak, with evidence of band-saw machining, suggesting an early 20th century alteration to a chair already composed of parts of various dates. The chair was probably made with the intention deceive and it is reasonable to assume Frederick Parker bought it on the assumption it was an authentic 18th century piece. Condition The left arm has been replaced.<br />The back was re-shaped in the early 20th century.<br />All the legs have been tipped.<br />The upholstery includes 19th century leather. Materials Walnut.<br />Oak.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 107<br />W. 63<br />D. 60 Parker Numbers OM 2314. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons prior to 1911. Ex. Clifford £8.0.0. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF123 Title A name given to the resource Walnut open armchair with upholstered seat and high back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910 with one arm c.1725, legs and seat frame c.1760 Description An account of the resource Walnut open armchair with upholstered seat and high back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a58f559ba4370bd17e752e42765c12c1.jpg f360371b269afe3a41b100f7554f7b8e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d2d6034e203716b34c35c38ade9d7b30.jpg 544ce04bc9ad203a53b7171fe11ddc84 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b5a5c91d33ffb8cbe3ea666c393ddfaa.jpg 054cdf3677e3af51080bc31710aa3bdc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/94137cdcfaf961972322c254b5fe3b30.jpg a4bd9c355aaa9170ffc2e6175047f48d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a78db03f6daf3eee9466b610ee71cdf5.jpg 64c6fcf4177c7e331f497d08a31a75ca https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0f4a213a311974f8b2398d0f65144004.jpg fe50bb2c16da6a885a30cb5d46031b74 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany armchair was made up by Parkers in c.1930 using the upper part of a good quality 18th century chair. The moulded, tapered back posts with wave-shaped and pierced crest and rails and the shapely arms resting on curved supports are from a 1770s chair. The concave and tapering upholstered seat, chamfered legs and H-stretchers were made in the 1930s to suit. The rear legs are strengthened by an additional stretcher, and are shortened and fitted with castors, for reasons unknown.<br /><br />A simple form of ladderback was used on vernacular chairs from the 17th century and was adapted for fashionable chairs in the 18th century, as here, where the rails are skilfully shaped, pierced and carved. This is one of the few instances where a vernacular form was copied into fashionable furniture, rather than the other way round. Condition The back and arms are 18th century; the rest of the chair is c.1930. <br />There are tack holes on the back posts, indicating that the back had been upholstered at some time. Materials Mahogany.<br />Upholstery.<br />Steel and brass castors. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 91<br />W. 66<br />D. 63 Parker Numbers Painted under seat rail: ‘128/6263’.<br />Plastic label inside seat rail: ‘OM 6263’.<br />Associated number: 5189.<br />The Parker archive records two occasions when reproductions of this chair were made to commission, OM 1443, cost £1.10.0 and OM 1478 made up July 1930, cost £5. Provenance Made by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons c.1930. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF128 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany ladderback armchair with upholstered seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1770-1780 back and arms, remainder c.1930. Description An account of the resource A mahogany ladderback armchair with 18th century back and arms, the rest made in the 1930s. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c51b6724a44b2e34141eb6b555dfefa0.jpg 0633b06dc06a27d28bd295938b09ca60 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fbb169303e744a57154d1af33cc4bc53.jpg 7ce782e5ef45692f063cd95c352b0006 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0cf86c40a638e04f9065aa9b1b47e1c3.jpg 5b8f697ebfdd7099223b00fbd0a7820c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3d873442bfaf34373a409525c739375b.jpg c95bd733c006af6311bb8d1968ad2c88 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d9daaab3fab9bff6ca4339f047ebadba.jpg e17bc5f55ac44f14f7b03febbd8117d5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/668f21ba69c3c7674ad5ca3f0a1bc5e7.jpg 283a11f9ae1b18860013cf9b2904b18a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/afd1480a31f717f46c046dbaec3705da.jpg 03520e48817f608729ad74312620f3b7 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany side chair has an undulating channel-moulded crest rail that joins tapering and fluted back posts headed by acanthus-carved corners. The inverted baluster-shaped splat, pierced with interlaced gothic tracery and quatrefoils, joins a ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. A stuff-over seat with a serpentine front is covered with close-nailed dark-red striped horsehair cloth, and retains possibly the original grass and horsehair stuffing and 19th century webbing. The straight and square, ripple-moulded front legs have foliate brackets and terminate in square moulded feet which echo the ripple moulding on the legs. The back legs are square-section and flared, with squared undercut feet.<br /><br />This form of chair is sometimes described as ‘in the style of Thomas Chippendale’ because the design of the splat bears similarities to chair-back designs in Chippendale's Director – see the original designs for plate 16 in the Director, 1762 (<a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O842623/six-designs-for-ribbon-back-drawing-chippendale/">Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, D.697-1906</a>). Similar splats are found on a number of mid-18th century mahogany chairs; see for example the following, now in the collection of the National Trust: a set of six side chairs at Saltram, Devon (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/871277">NT 871277</a>); a side chair at Osterley House, Middlesex (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/771767.3">NT 771767.3</a>); a set of five side chairs at Dunster Castle, Somerset (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/725800">NT 725800</a>) and a side chair at Hatchlands Park, Surrey (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1166535">NT 1166535</a>). The details of the splats differ slightly but appear to be derived from the Chippendale design. The proliferation of chairs with this type of interlaced splat suggests a number of individual craftsmen working to a particular as yet unidentified design.<br /><br />Interestingly, a set of six chairs comprising two armchairs and four side chairs in the collection of the National Trust at Sizergh Castle, Cumbria, is attributed to Gillows of Lancaster (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/998125.1">NT 998125.1-6</a>). This set is thought to be one referred to in a letter of February 1765 to Charles Strickland, and attributed to Gillows by Susan Stuart on the basis of its close resemblance to a very similar chair in the collection of Southampton University, which is signed 'Gillows' on the seat frame (Stuart, p. 147, Plate 91).<br /><br />This side chair (FPF132) is distinctive for its surviving early grass and horsehair stuffing, which suggests a provincial maker. For example, Wright &amp; Elwick of Wakefield, contemporaries of Chippendale, and who subscribed to the 1754 edition of the Director, are known to have used marsh grass in their upholstery: see a <a href="https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-6153755">stool, part of the seat furniture supplied by or under the direction of Chippendale, possibly by Wright and Elwick, to Nostell Priory, Yorkshire</a>, which was sold by Christie’s in 2018. Condition Back left leg and front left foot replaced.<br />There is a repair on the crest rail.<br />The splat has split and has repairs.<br />The shoe has had repairs to the rear face, unfinished. Materials Mahogany.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 97<br />W. 58<br />D. 59 Marks Inscribed in ink on the back of the front seat rail ‘YS No. 15’. Parker Numbers Cloth label stitched to webbing, marked with 3703.<br />2957. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons pre 1915 from Kennedy £5.5.0. Notes Susan Stuart, Gillows of Lancaster and London 1730-1840, Antique Collectors' Club, 2008, vol. I, pp. 144-147, Plates 88, 91. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF132 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany side chair with upholstered seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1760-1770 Description An account of the resource Mahogany side chair with pierced interlaced splat and upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e911d4396b285f33a7f465adfb5f774b.jpg b164ad95a7b7609d449607af5d5db9d2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f7871c7ebf8d35571cd00dd13866bb6d.jpg ea448c255a5b6f81a24d1ca3d0c2f1d3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/98d412917ac56ced25048f05955aa4a2.jpg ea280fe9bcb8f392529164fc6f90a170 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ea98eddd1b85c053e9ef091cf541a666.jpg cd50e9ec71801c939ff10d0fc4a9b59b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0841fb14760a4ceefdf543f9ea9d94a7.jpg a077acaf8dedb54374a72d71ee238a5c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A fully upholstered side chair with a scrolled back and squared mahogany legs, straight at the front and raked at the back, with chinoiserie brackets. The chair is generally in mid to late-18th century style but was made in the late 19th or early 20th century. <br /><br />There is no clear precedent in 18th-century furniture for a fully scrolled back; ‘paper scrolls’ were sometimes carved into the crest rails of chairs (see FPF083, for example) and a raised scroll could be a feature of upholstered chairs such as those by Thomas Phill for Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire in 1715, which he described as ‘of ye newest fashion’(Bowett, 2009). Another example of a raised scroll crest can be seen in FPF030, with painted leather covers. <br /><br />So it is possible that the full scroll along the back of the chair shown here was derived from these early 18th-century raised scrolls. Alternatively it might have been influenced by the fashion for scrolled arms and backs of settees and chaises introduced by Henry Holland in furniture for Southill in around 1795 and included in Thomas Sheraton’s second book of designs, The Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, as a Grecian style (see Collard, 1985). Greek revival became very fashionable during the Regency period and scrolled arms and backs of chairs and settees were often included amongst the palm leaves, lyres, Greek keys, tablets and ram’s heads typical of the period.<br /><br />The legs are more aligned to chairs of the 1750s and ‘60s, with their square form and chinoiserie brackets, similar to those illustrated by Thomas Chippendale in the Gentleman and Cabinet Maker’s Director, 1754, Plate XXIV and 1763, Plate 26. See also FPF146 for a mahogany armchair in chinoiserie style with similar square legs and brackets.<br /><br />This is one of a large set of chairs made for the Earl of Buckingham at Hampden House, Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, of which twelve remain in the house. Recent restorations showed the backs to be made (probably) of ash. On this chair the back framing is not visible, but the mahogany legs and brackets date from c.1900 and the seat rails are re-used beech. There is no evidence of any early upholstery materials. It is therefore assumed it was made in c.1900, re-using original seat rails. The upholstery is 20th century; the top cover was previously red damask and the chair has since been re-covered in yellow damask. Condition Made c.1900 as a copy, re-using earlier beech seat rails. <br />20th century upholstery, later re-covered. Materials Mahogany.<br />Beech.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 100<br />W. 53<br />D. 66 Parker Numbers 493. 1629. Note on record: old 1629 in stock prior to 1911 £1.0.0. Provenance Originally in Hampden House, Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire. Acquired by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons pre-1911. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, p.152. <br />Frances Collard, Regency Furniture, Antique Collectors’ Club, 1985, pp. 45 and 72, 79 and 102-104.<br />Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker’s Director, 1754, Plate XXIV and 1763, Plate 26. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF135 Title A name given to the resource Upholstered mahogany side chair with scroll back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910. Description An account of the resource An upholstered side chair with mahogany legs and a scroll back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1ed61506cd4dd855f41265ada82c0859.jpg dd441ad0a5b3084abd6d30842629937f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/20bc0f371eb2bad6361aa740a6633add.jpg ff238c9fe38632d2b0ffa572e1f2025b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1f9e1474719d971481600481ab4248b5.jpg 0c910a7369fa6890b9a661097abcfa31 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/619f69a9454306851d0644ee0d1e3459.jpg b3c6add6f722a3b159d5b2cb53b91ba0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d1f9ac25a155b3a5f8a67f5a822b2e84.jpg ce24182e21d48fc583f63d02a806b72f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/94aa0b6c44951832a7610fdfbd19f48c.jpg 731a1c5b1f3d34c9ce7401918e6411ec Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany side chair has a moulded serpentine crest rail carved with anthemion and acanthus leaves. It has tapering and moulded back posts with a pierced splat with interlaced loops and carved acanthus leaves which slots into an unusual cusped ‘shoe’ at the rear of the seat. The moulding on the upper parts of the back includes a raised and rounded centre which tapers off midway. A padded drop-in seat covered with a 20th century dark red flowered velvet sits on a square-section seat rail. The chair is raised on square-section front legs and raked back legs joined by an H-form stretcher with a higher back stretcher. The striped webbing is 19th century and unusual in being laid only in one direction, under a later 19th century hessian. The chair is in good original condition and was well-made, probably by a provincial maker. It has had arms fitted at one stage, which are now removed.<br /><br />The chair back is after a design by Thomas Chippendale (1718-79) in the 3rd edition of the Director, 1762, Plate XVI, no. 6. This pattern was almost certainly inspired by rococo designs from Continental Europe including those by Gaetano Brunetti (1736) and William De La Cour, as published in his First Book of Ornament (1741) (Bowett, p. 198, Plate 4:111). In 1751, and prior to the publication of the 1st edition of the Director (1754), Matthias Darly, who was to engrave many of Chippendale’s designs in the Director, included several designs for chair backs with interlaced splats in his Second Book of Chairs (1751), reprinted by Robert Manwaring in The Chair-Maker’s Guide (1766) (Gilbert, p. 38 and figs. 74-78).<br /><br />The dominant feature of this chair-back is the splat, which was cut from a thick board of fine-quality mahogany, carved and pierced and slightly chamfered on the back edges to give a lighter feeling (Hughes, 1966). The chamfering is a normal feature on more sophisticated chairs of the second half of the 18th century. The splat is similar to one that features on a set of twenty-four mahogany side chairs supplied in c. 1765 by John Linnell (1729-96) to Robert Child for Middleton Park, Oxfordshire (Hayward, Kirkham, vol. II, p. 26, fig. 46). This same model chair was commissioned by William Drake either for Shardeloes or his London house in the same period (ibid., pp. 26-27, fig. 47). The design for the Linnell chair is in the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, London (E.113 1929). Condition Evidence of arms fitted later and subsequently removed. Materials Mahogany.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 53<br />W. 91<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers 3810. 3213. 3214. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons on 1 November 1916 from Millar (probably Cecil Millar) for £5.10. Notes Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director, 3rd Edition, London, 1762, Plate XVI.<br />G. Bernard Hughes, ‘The Modern Chairs of Chippendale’, Country Life, 11 August 1966, p. 345.<br />Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, p. 198, Plate 4:111.<br />Christopher Gilbert, ‘The Early Furniture Designs of Matthias Darly’, Furniture History, vol. 11, 1974, p. 38 and figs. 74-78).<br />H. Hayward, P. Kirkham, William and John Linnell: Eighteenth Century London Furniture Makers, London, 1980, vol. II, pp. 26-27, figs. 46-47. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF137 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany side chair with upholstered drop-in seat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1770-1780 Description An account of the resource Mahogany side chair with a pierced interlaced splat and drop-in upholstered seat https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/03bd1b0bff7c5574fcef1a2a22ad7d85.jpg 320d762e939ec19d22a1aa1957107511 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8aa498335f23f8f755790b258a61d449.jpg e7eccafe445e3800e778005fad41c2dc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e646f090852a022913460a84c49c73f1.jpg 37d365b9f6577a140244a74467c499b2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/91025cb242dfb9707b06b68884d196ac.jpg 8800dafc24345503b8203e6a375769a1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2b96bf8144f1dbc887e799befc5423f2.jpg 90d03dad8eaffbd8baa29d4c08336984 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/48173cd662af8d365b004b864b7240d4.jpg 3b7f6e1bdb93ff9b37b779ff9cac6a94 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This Windsor chair from the late 18th century has a double bow, one forming the back and the other curved to form the arms, and a distinctive carved and pierced back splat. The cabriole front legs and straight, turned back legs are typical of such chairs, although the cruciform stretchers replace what would normally have been a ‘crinoline’ stretcher, curved between the front legs and with short connecting stretchers to the back legs. The chair is made of yew, apart from the seat which is mahogany, and it has all been stained to give the appearance of mahogany. <br /><br />This mixture of woods is unusual; the seats of Windsor chairs were traditionally made of elm, although the best country-made chairs were entirely of yew. Mahogany Windsor chairs for the gentry were likely to be used in rooms such as a library or entrance hall, or in the rooms of senior servants. The quality and style of the carving on the splat, with wheat-ears, husks and paterae, suggest a London maker and gentry-class client. A similar chair is shown in Bernard Cotton, The English Regional Chair, as Fig TV18, with the trade card of W. Webb, Newington, Surrey (fl. 1792-1808). A small number of other chairs show similar work; these include one in a private collection, a set of four sold at Phillips on 13th June 1978 and another at Christie’s, South Kensington on 4th July 2002.<br /><br />Windsor chairs have been made in huge quantities and in a great variety of forms from the early 18th century right up to the present day. They are robust and comfortable, and made, usually, of native woods using simple tools. In their most basic form they have suited all but the poorest households, and as in this example, finely made in yew and mahogany, they also graced the homes of the gentry. In some respects the Windsor might be regarded as the quintessential English chair. Condition The chair has been extensively and somewhat crudely restored: the cross stretcher is an unsuitable replacement; the underside of the seat has been planed smooth, stained and coloured, losing the original surface and tool-marks; a section of wood at the front of the seat has been replaced; the back legs have been poorly fitted and although of the correct form and date, could be from another chair; and the whole chair has been coated with dark varnish, perhaps to disguise the restorations. Materials Yew.<br />Mahogany. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104<br />W. 61<br />D. 61 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, 15th February 1912 at Christie’s for £26.0.0. Parker Numbers 2159. 2765. Notes Exhibited at the British Antique Dealers’ Association’s Exhibition of Art Treasures at the Grafton Galleries, London, 1928, no.177. <br />Exhibited at High Wycombe for Queen Elizabeth II’s visit in 1962.<br />For a full account of the Windsor chair see Bernard D Cotton, The English Regional Chair, Antique Collectors’ Club, 1990. The Cotton Collection of English Regional Chairs is owned by the Museum of the Home, London, and includes a comprehensive collection of name-stamped Windsor chairs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF142 Title A name given to the resource Yew and mahogany hoop-back Windsor armchair with cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1760-1790 Description An account of the resource Yew and mahogany hoop-back Windsor armchair with cabriole front legs and a carved and pierced back splat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fe33758105849a8ece79bff9350899ba.jpg 917eb3350332566b553e51d505578d58 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/993224c455b38aa21b937d4657375bca.jpg 844f9b6ad0e799734cbc052c24401995 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/82ab4e4812a4e47e59e315c8645ff1d7.jpg 5e4519f81c02ba58e859cae5f00d25fd https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/153d38a6477fe29d9e3d0aa72281862d.jpg 5b1a6d7bf3aeb621eaf1ece9f71e24df https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e79de446c13ab92945164f98df505af0.jpg ca41640c0b5407c4f44ee4ab745c8cb2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fc416371c8b3b41ea6390ca9df1d0cfa.jpg 1619124e4f30a461858b96a803c13cb6 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany side chair has an undulating crest rail carved with a central stylised acanthus leaf, and lobed ends. The inverted baluster pierced, gothic splat joins a ‘shoe’ fitted to the top of the rear seat-rail. The splat is flanked by flared, tapering back posts. A drop-in seat fits within tapering and square moulded seat rails, and the chair is raised on square-section and chamfered legs, joined by an H-stretcher and a higher back stretcher. The back legs are flared. The upholstery and red leather cover is late 19th or early 20th century.<br /><br />This is a good quality mid- to late-19th century reproduction of a chair of the 1750s, as indicated by the flatness of the splat and the lack of crispness of the carving. The presence of plaster in the grain shows that the chair was French-polished, which was a common finish for 19th century furniture but not earlier. It was probably made as a fake and sold as an original 18th century chair, and was likely bought by Frederick Parker as such.<br /><br />The chair makes an interesting comparison with 18th century originals from a time when the pattern books were beginning to be re-published. It was possibly inspired by designs in Thomas Chippendale’s The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director (1754, 1755, 1762), or Ince &amp; Mayhew’s The Universal System of Household Furniture (1762); the closest design to this chair is plate IX in Ince &amp; Mayhew. Condition The drop in seat retains its original 19th century frame.<br />Old repair to left hand front leg. Materials Mahogany.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 94<br />W. 56<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers OM 269. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, FPA050. Page 139. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons pre 1911 for £2.15.0. Notes Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director, 1754, 1755, 1762.<br />Ince &amp; Mayhew, The Universal System of Household Furniture, 1762, plate IX, top left. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF143 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany side chair with pierced splat and drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1870 Description An account of the resource Mahogany side chair with pierced splat and drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fd934bc28dfe3073e730231ab6ce366c.jpg 1ac16f66bc06c2232afe6f76872342e6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7e1abf76fb2d15a7ce370dfd2767a469.jpg 295025f70ba138046275e543ca394969 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3dc3723af24854b44df389223ad226ba.jpg e1fb510e55e53e624a43d4a93c62650a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5c21986465f9bde1ba05d73ce1d04724.jpg 3d77aac9a045c876aa385662f96abc94 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/943924e0923856aff338afc866f64561.jpg c97174f73daa06757cdfcac6c5e8df65 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c1255025307e368e7baf5275a11b6795.jpg 76c10d0a20278eb667c69dceb5798d45 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description The back of this walnut side chair has a dished crest rail above four horizontal, shaped rails, or ‘rungs’, in a style commonly referred to as a ladder-back. The rails and posts are concave, i.e. curved to fit the sitter. A stuff-over and close-nailed seat with tapered sides is raised on square chamfered front legs and flared back legs, joined with peripheral stretchers; those at the front and back are higher than those at the sides. The stuff-over seat and tan leather cover with close nailing are a later replacement done in the late 19th or early 20th century.<br /><br />The ladder-back is a common English vernacular chair form, possibly of Dutch origin; it is a rare example of a style transmission from vernacular to fashionable furniture (Bowett, 2009). This chair has been tentatively attributed by furniture historian Christopher Gilbert to the Clerkenwell maker, Giles Grendey (1693-1780), and this is reinforced by comparison with other Grendey chairs. For example, it is similar to a set of six walnut ladder-back chairs in Newport Church, Essex, bearing ‘a fragmentary but recognisable’ label for Giles Grendey (Jervis, 1974). Dating from c. 1750, they would originally have had rush seats. However, the Frederick Parker chair does not have mouldings on the legs and back posts like the Newport chairs, nor are its stretchers chamfered. Another set is in the Museum of the Home (9/2010-1 to -6), possibly the Newport Church set; one chair (9/2010-2) bears a partial Grendey trade label, and is stamped ‘TC’ and ‘VII’ (Jervis, 1993).<br /><br />The present chair is stamped ‘RW’ on the back seat rail; this stamp appears on other seat-furniture attributed to Grendey, including a set of probably twelve chairs and a settee, of which six chairs (plus the unstamped settee) are in the Leverhulme Collection, four were acquired in 1975 by Noel Terry for Fairfax House, York, and a further pair were sold at Christie's, London, in June 1981 (Wood, 2008).<br /><br />A similar chair back can be found on an earlier set of six mahogany ladder-back chairs, supplied by Elizabeth Hutt &amp; Son of St. Paul’s Churchyard, London, in 1739 to Bowringsleigh, Devon. This is the earliest documented example of fine as opposed to vernacular English ladder-back chairs (Jervis, 1993). Condition All legs have been tipped.<br />There are two reinforcing metal brackets at the back of the crest rail. Materials Virginia walnut (juglans nigra).<br />Beech seat rails.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 97<br />W. 56<br />D. 58 Marks Stamped ‘RW’ on the back of the lower horizontal rail of the chair back. Parker Numbers OM 5956. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, FPA050. Page 150. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons on 17 December 1920 for £10.0.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, p. 186, Plate 4:87.<br />Simon Jervis, ‘A Great Dealer in the Cabinet Way: Giles Grendey (1693-1780)’, Country Life, 6 June 1974, p. 1419 and fig. 4.<br />Simon Jervis, ‘A 1739 Suite of Seat Furniture at Bowringsleigh’, Furniture History, 1993, pp. 42-43, Figure 4.<br />Museum of the Home, Grendey chairs, see: <a href="https://collections.museumofthehome.org.uk/object14390">Museum of the Home collections | 9/2010-2</a><br />Lucy Wood, The Upholstered Furniture in the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Yale, 2008, vol. I, no. 20, pp. 245-263. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF144 Title A name given to the resource Walnut ladder-back side chair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1745-1755 Description An account of the resource Walnut ladder-back side chair with upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/addbc4415c63196039bbfb606f2cd548.jpg a3a324d42faed094b7b2208bdc339930 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/57488aa5adbed5dbde0836433ecd8721.jpg 60c3e787c8adac723429ac320011b4d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/31f37512d6963782b4a5f79715bbc80c.jpg 9ba62373bdd68e71f6c67ccbb03884a3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/bee3f606aae6772e667d55f806f579c8.jpg 3320245474b03f0dbb6bf59957bba365 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3241cf3cb04f13b1883c331f53d1bac1.jpg 101e6dde68a4394273cbe991afe94166 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25a70f35c61d9147c4e68f7fae8b3107.jpg 4e9dfae9e1e6037162cac2e6301ffbc3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/57b65b378d76e5c42810515e2f112f3f.jpg 5ccc3ac48a4c1247272bf21458ddcde5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5edf21b45acba3a5080998a04bea10ca.jpg 2a96296cf6c90dbff9cc0b00f79fad35 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/97c774ba06eda278fa06e904dbef2d15.jpg bf288d62e9e48eb257a6616f9aa8816c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/74e6fbc6ecabecbdb8f57ea424fdd6ce.jpg 8f7e9bd56d4aa398a147aaf3ffe1fc2d Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A walnut armchair in chinoiserie style, with a square back formed around a diagonal lattice or ‘paling’ of straight rails. The arms curve outwards to meet curved arm supports rising from the seat rail, enclosing further latticework which is curved in two dimensions. The front legs are straight while those at the back are flared to the rear. The front legs have chinoiserie brackets under the seat rails, although two are missing. The drop-in seat is covered with 20th century fabric. The lattice work in the back has been replaced.<br /><br />The chair is similar to the designs for ‘Chinese Chairs’ published by Thomas Chippendale in his Director in 1754 and 1763, where he wrote that such chairs were ‘after the Chinese manner, and are very proper for a Lady’s Dressing Room, especially if it is hung with India paper. They likewise suit Chinese Temples.’ Ince and Mayhew published designs for Dressing Chairs in Chinese styles in 1762, as did Robert Manwaring in 1765. None of these is exactly like the chair under discussion, which is a relatively plain interpretation with no added carving or ornament, and yet complex to make. It is somewhat unusual in that is made in walnut, when mahogany would surely have been the preferred timber in terms of strength for a chair with such slender rails in the back and sides. Condition In good condition. The lattice rails in the back are replaced, but well made.<br />Two of the leg brackets are missing. <br />The upholstery is 20th century. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 86<br />W. 64<br />D. 50 Parker Numbers Plastic label inside seat rail: ‘OM 877’. <br />Associated numbers: 2039 or 2049. Provenance Acquired by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons pre 1914, valued at £9.0.0. Notes Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker’s Director, London, 1754, plate XXIV and 1763, plates XXVI to XXVIII. <br />Ince and Mayhew, The Universal System of Household Furniture, London, 1762, plate XXXV. <br />Manwaring, Robert, The Cabinet and Chair-Maker’s Real Friend and Companion, London, 1765, plates 10, 11 and 12. <br />These can all be found in Pictorial Dictionary of 18th Century Furniture Design, The Printed Sources, compiled by Elizabeth White, Antique Collectors Club, 1990. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF146 Title A name given to the resource Walnut armchair with chinoiserie lattice back and sides and drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1760-1780 Description An account of the resource A chinoiserie style walnut armchair with latticework back and side panels, and a drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/65a750c41cc5076f4d90ad2f159b5505.jpg 6003ca8d959c5f0d860c4235d16bf4df https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f659956b99a92227c4255fbadb3e8810.jpg 587e1535b0f0dde2c29dcd601402ee08 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/89e0e3a163253591c22b47caba143932.jpg f7b9755bef6608930b49a49a435fa5cb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ccb773e80f3369c927335c3359e2d415.jpg ab192a58d2a46d9110d71ff63ce2f966 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1fabfe8f3b7cee66f302d6f76a469555.jpg 7dc819eaf0527ceee51aa931fbc84c88 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5d84d839bdbb28762b4e4646ab495b50.jpg 0e6c986bd692579a76bebbda6c92ca97 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany ladder-back side chair has four graduated, carved and pierced serpentine rails, or ‘rungs’, between tapering and fluted back posts. The chair back is concave, flared and with pointed top corners. The tapering stuff-over seat is raised on square-section, moulded legs joined by an H-stretcher, with a rear stretcher set slightly higher. The upholstery and satin damask cover are 20th century.<br /><br />Fashionable ladder-back chairs were derived from the vernacular form which was common in England and on the Continent from at least the 17th century. The first known instances of fashionable English ladder-back chairs are those made by Elizabeth Hutt &amp; Son of St Paul's Churchyard in 1739 (Jervis, 1993) and by Giles Grendey in around 1750 (Jervis, 1974). See also FPF 144, attributed to Grendey.<br /><br />Chairs of a similar style to this more elaborate example (FPF 147) were made by Gillows of Lancaster in the 1770s and 1780s, who described them as ‘Fiddle back’ or ‘Old Splat’ chairs. The former term seems to have originated from a fanciful resemblance between the pierced rails of the ladder-back and the sound holes of a violin (Stuart, 2008). Condition In good condition.<br />Upholstery replaced. Materials Mahogany.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 94<br />W. 56<br />D. 58 Parker Numbers 3822. 4373 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, November 1916, ex Dare, £9 10s Notes Simon Jervis, 'A 1739 Suite of Seat Furniture at Bowringsleigh', Furniture History, 1993, pp.40-43.<br />Simon Jervis, ‘A Great Dealer in the Cabinet Way: Giles Grendey (1693-1780)’, Country Life, 6 June 1974, p. 1419 and fig. 4.<br />Susan Stuart, Gillows of Lancaster and London 1730-1840, Antique Collectors' Club, 2008, Vol. 1, p. 134, Plate: Chair Patterns 1a, no. 11; pp. 157-158, Plate 107.<br />A set of fourteen ladder-back chairs of related model was sold at Christie’s, New York, 10 May 2018, lot 678.<br />A related armchair is at Mompesson House, Wiltshire, see<br /><a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/724181">Ladderback chair 724181 | National Trust collections</a><br /><br />This chair is currently on loan to No 1 Royal Crescent, Bath. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF147 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany ladder-back side chair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1770-1785 Description An account of the resource Mahogany ladder-back side chair with upholstered seat.