4 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3a1802cececb4c8723531495b55e19d3.jpg d13309282350b051d3c9866a58965885 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/159bb3f90447848a35443f0fd01b80f4.jpg 57bdee01fb7a580d98a10d401abd849b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f44d44c206eb9622a5d8873219e89172.jpg bead8f1e01ec995664773dbbeeea7c80 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ccf86e3ef4d97d5174d3dfe65d808fd6.jpg eb716c831199fa6ef9c3dd96ef1fc01e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/adfb45084f8d143e83a624504d5a64b1.jpg 3d3963e3fd85f410c0294ca754c365e7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ca10d50c4b00ac414dcbae9c3724e6ca.jpg df49c4b6d0f988ef7842be6a1a500495 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a tall back, curved in both planes, with an undulating crest rail joining turned back posts. The solid baluster-shaped splat has a pierced diamond-form motif at the top and is tenoned into a raised ‘shoe’ on the rear seat-rail. The beech seat-rails are walnut-veneered with the top edges formed of moulded cross-grain walnut; the rails are shaped along the lower edges to lighten the appearance of the chair. The drop-in seat with tapering sides has been upholstered with a 20th century woven tapestry. The chair has cabriole front legs with shaped ears and ‘C’ scroll carving at the edges, terminating in pad feet. The flared back legs are turned, with square-sectioned blocks at the joints and heels. The legs are joined by a turned ‘H’-form stretcher with blocks, and by a higher, turned back rail. This form of chair was commonly known as an ‘India back’ chair in the 18th century. With its distinctive curved splat, turned upright posts and crest rail resembling a milkmaid’s yoke, this term was a reference to Chinese chairs on which they were based – the term ‘India’ encompassing the whole of South and South-east Asia. The chair-type was also sometimes called a ‘bended’, ‘crook’d’ or ‘sweep’ back chair in contemporary sources. The introduction of the ‘India back’ is considered ‘the most radical and far-reaching design innovation of the eighteenth century’ (Bowett, 2009). The reverse-curved or cabriole leg is an innovation that ‘more than any other characterised early Georgian chair design’ (ibid.). Although it has been suggested that the precursor for the cabriole leg is found on Chinese k’ang tables. The form probably reached England via France; engravings by Pierre Le Pautre (c. 1659-1744) and André-Charles Boulle (1642-1732) incorporated cabriole legs on different types of furniture (ibid.). The earliest documented example of English cabriole leg chairs to survive is a set of six chairs (together with a sofa and firescreen) at Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire, the chairs supplied in 1715 by Thomas Phill (d. 1727) (ibid.; NT 494468). The present chair can be compared to another in the Frederick Parker Collection, see FPF045, which is illustrated in Bowett, 2009. Condition The seat frame is replaced and the upholstery is later. A piece of the seat-rail moulding is missing. The front legs have been replaced below the knee – prior to Frederick Parker. Both back legs are tipped. Right hand stretcher and cross stretcher are replaced. This chair is a good example of early restoration. Materials Walnut and walnut veneer. Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 W. 59 D. 55 Marks Marked ‘VII’ suggesting that this chair was part of a larger set of chairs. Parker Numbers OM 2246. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 145. Provenance In the collection prior to 1985. Note in folder: ‘New purchase London GH-U’ Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1714-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 150-151, 156, 163, Plates 4:37-4:38. A related chair with similar back legs and stretcher is in the collection of the National Trust at Trerice, Cornwall (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/336836">NT 336836</a>). Another close example is in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London (<a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O119026/chair-unknown/">W.49:2-1981</a>). For the Canons Ashby chairs, see: <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/494468">Untitled 494468 | National Trust collections</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF059 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with upholstered drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1715-1720 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with baluster-shaped back splat and upholstered drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/355b06356d11f7c0cda7d907a05ca4ce.jpg 96d5408e3883f14e9ff7c50777390daf https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d869d9155f3b28ab7d5c5cd71e389b93.jpg 1b1ed673bcccd09a584ccaf16f6b48b5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7b096cd732d600dc81d7bccc8c015327.jpg 81552fb657f3f6c5a72b0be80bfb9997 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/de2d63d896a56a48fd9e3ca00a487327.jpg 95f64b7f548d2dfad41485716a0dd84a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/44231229bbf462eb5f74b5202f0a0890.jpg a2b86a2239dd5761a3fc3fa58f4bd151 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9dfc042a2e2cbeed4d5a6c49440ddb2d.jpg aed275a15a701d74edd39e2eb58edaf3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut open armchair has a ‘compass’ (rounded) upholstered seat and back, with no gap between the back and seat. The shaped and out-scrolled walnut arms rest on curved supports which are fitted to the seat rails. The chair is raised on front cabriole legs with a carved scallop shell and pendant bellflower on the knees and shaped ears and ‘C’ scroll carving at the edges, which terminate in elongated pad feet. The back legs are raked with pad feet. Parts of the webbing and base cloth are 19th century and there is one red thread caught under a tack – evidence of earlier upholstery; the chair has been recovered in the 20th century with a damask. This armchair can be compared to a set of twelve side chairs together with two settees and a couch made for the Yellow Drawing Room at Houghton Hall, Norfolk (Bowett, 2009). The inclusion of the increasingly popular shell motif on the knees probably evolved from the leafy scroll or plume found on contemporary Parisian chairs. It has been described as: ‘a metaphor for the more general transition from the baroque to neo-Palladian style in English furniture’ (ibid.). Another similar set of four side chairs with upholstered ‘compass’ backs is at the Treasurer’s House, York (ibid.; <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/592766">NT 592766</a>). The arms on this chair are replacements in the period style. Armchairs of this type are less common than side chairs, no doubt because often large sets of side chairs were made with accompanying pairs of open armchairs. For similar open armchairs, see one bearing the label Robert Webb, c. 1720-25, illustrated in Gilbert, 1996; an armchair at Paycocke’s House, Essex (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/717472">NT 717472</a>) and a ‘writing chair’ in Cescinsky, 1929. For similar arms, see a pair of walnut library armchairs, c. 1720, at Houghton (Edwards, 1954). Condition The arms and one arm support are replaced. One front leg replaced. Repairs to the back legs, feet tipped. Materials Walnut. Beech (back legs). Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 97 W. 76 D. 61 Parker Numbers OM 610, pattern no. 9100. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, p.13. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons pre 1914 from Brackett for £8.10.0. Note in folder: ‘New purchase London GH-U’. Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 168, 174-175, Plates 4:50, 4:61. C. Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture, 1700-1840, London, 1996, p. 463, Fig. 938. H. Cescinsky, English Furniture Gothic to Sheraton, Grand Rapids, 1929, p. 190. R. Edwards, The Dictionary of English Furniture, vol. I, revised edition, Woodbridge, 1954, p. 262, Fig. 111. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF062 Title A name given to the resource Walnut open armchair with upholstered seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1725-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut open armchair with upholstered seat and back and cabriole legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5215e57ed32500ae440cfded3a4fde65.jpg b44d5f7153ebca93aa38c0c8e8a34200 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/55c3269e32fd4f4ee04dbc471be43c08.jpg c19cb571efe435c0482912e77c015465 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/30564b3e689019917d4edc6f70b649cf.jpg 31bc5460d75d70db0c5803c13f7a9742 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/efe8f40c746f0ae529f9d90538e1c5cf.jpg 14a4eb5497c52b99dd091ebe59fbbaf6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ae8513e8299b685d996d0ce29625e569.jpg bfc6a9629171244037e6652153097a8c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b8e05953f855f20da4af0141b092dedf.jpg 58ad413eca708e95656ea0c0057feaa4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a tall narrow back with a curved crest rail which has a raised central section and cusped corners. There is a baluster-shaped walnut-veneered splat, curved to fit the human form, which is pierced at the top in the shape of a keyhole, and joined at the base to a ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. The square-section back posts are straight and tapering. The seat rail has rounded corners at the front and is tapered towards the back, with a moulded top edge to retain the drop-in seat. The seat frame and upholstery are replaced and the cover is 20th century floral tapestry. The chair is raised on four cabriole legs, all with carved knees and terminating in square pad feet. The banister-back chair marks a transition in around 1720 from the Chinese-style rectangular back to a more Anglicised version (Bowett, 2009). Another 18th century term for this form was the ‘pedestal’ back, as described in furniture-makers’ bills. Although this chair has straight rather than curved back posts, the splat is curved and as such it could be described as a ‘bended back’ or ‘India back’ chair. The term ‘India’ encompassed the whole of South and South-east Asia, including China; here, the ‘milkmaid’s yoke’ crest rail and curved splat are influenced by Chinese chairs. The use of ‘Indian’ to describe such chairs appears, for example, in the trade card of Thomas Cleare, who worked at the sign of the Indian Chair, St. Paul’s Churchyard, in the 1720s and 30s (Gilbert, 1996). Comparable chairs in the Frederick Parker collection include FPF045 and FPF059, which have similar piercings at the top of the splats. The reverse-curved or cabriole leg is an innovation that ‘more than any other characterised early Georgian chair design’. It seems likely this had a French origin. Engravings by Pierre Le Pautre (c. 1659-1744) and André-Charles Boulle (1642-1732) incorporated cabriole legs on different types of furniture from around 1700 (ibid.). The earliest documented example of English cabriole leg chairs to survive is a set of six (together with a sofa and firescreen) at Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire; the chairs were supplied in 1715 by Thomas Phill (d. 1727). See <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/494468">Untitled 494468 | National Trust Collections</a> Condition The chair is in poor condition with extensive repairs and is now fragile. Both back posts are replaced, faced with walnut veneer (possibly original) and stained at the back. The back of the chair is loose because of the repairs. Repairs to crest rail at joints with posts and splat. Both back feet tipped Back left leg is loose at joint with seat. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 W. 56 D. 53 Parker Numbers 6106, 4957, 8 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons on 20th June 1927 from Mr H. G. P. for £7 15s. Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 161, 150, 151. Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture, Furniture History Society and Maney, 1996, p.145, plate 214. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF066 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with banister back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with banister back and drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a6a971bd34c2922253d3885286485bbd.jpg 9bbf5658a0a031a8b35204baee66abb9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6b1f8ea8540ff08deb27a16d79c7e1a8.jpg da3124b26198750d6f0cdc0c278973c1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1c80e6fe9ef0ff1509067f8986c609dc.jpg 2d733cd9c887fdeefd6d51d4d565f80b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2c7333463de9def3968b67ab2822f4f9.jpg c08424026759ed8ff4acdf4498629acc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b39c1835544173839ab96c71cabf2c5e.jpg fd2b930b1f448cb62ddce765e3abab01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/68498751c2315a123c610e39328bea1a.jpg 65830cf2eb693fa1d5ea7975976c2e2e Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This beech side chair is stained to simulate walnut. It has a tall narrow curved back with a shaped crest rail with rounded corners above a solid baluster-shaped splat fitted into a ‘shoe’ at the rear of the seat. The chair has a tapered drop-in seat with a moulded seat rail cut away for lightness and rounded at the front corners. It is raised on cabriole legs with pad feet at the front and turned back legs with squared blocks at the joints and heels. The H-form turned stretchers have squared blocks at the joints and the cross stretcher is set towards the front of the chair. There is a higher rear stretcher. The drop-in seat has a replaced frame, with re-used horsehair stuffing and hessian, and is covered with a 20th century green fabric, now faded. Chairs with a curved back such as this were referred to as ‘India back’ or ‘bended back’ chairs, since the bent form was influenced by Chinese chairs; trade with China was carried out by the East India Company and the term ‘India’ was used to describe almost any connection with the Far East. The use of beech for this chair suggests it was originally japanned, or ebonised, which was a common finish for less expensive chairs than those made of walnut. It seems likely the black stain and varnish used for japanning has been stripped off and the chair has then been stained to resemble walnut. The chair is similar to others in the Frederick Parker Collection, including FPF045, with a rush seat, and FPF059. Condition The chair is in poor condition, with extensive woodworm damage, and has been stained dark brown. Front seat rail replaced. Both front leg ear brackets damaged. Both front feet replaced. Repair to shoe. Repair to right back post. Drop-in seat replaced and recovered. Materials Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 102 W. 54 D. 51 Parker Numbers 5973 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons on 17th December 1920 for £2 12s 6d. Notes For details of similar chairs see: Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 163-165. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF070 Title A name given to the resource Beech side chair with drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource Beech side chair with vase-shaped splat and drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1c60a1714aed10de011050867003d3f2.jpg 680219da191eb87f1f45a609f4187dd3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d7b1d921fc8a99d3de373da02601318e.jpg 61a33907b19d20b42ed0d8a941c28767 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/363ec7f08597a6ed106519a60ed56792.jpg 2baa4bd43d74e2a76e78963d8e2ba777 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c9cfea4992ce3136e11f0e59543cb629.jpg 65bfa36784e830f779f932dd31027c1c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/91e78418f124685a419c7431621979ec.jpg 320736ba3b04069ec9c5af2d69d312ee https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4d82fd164b3acb60b24c7662a03a774f.jpg a00913de46237cbb364d637e74137e19 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut armchair has an upholstered arched back and a ‘compass’ (meaning curved or rounded) drop-in seat set within veneered seat rails. The shepherd’s crook arms terminate in unusual cabochon ovals at the joints with the seat rails. The cabriole front legs have carved shells on the knees and C-scrolls to the top edges, and terminate in ball and claw feet. The back legs are square in section and are flared. The back has 18th century webbing and hessian, while the seat has 19th century webbing; the chair cover is a modern tapestry. This chair has undergone significant alterations. The back, which originally was almost certainly rectangular and higher, has been cut down and re-shaped, partly to fit the arms, which appear to be from another chair. The back is now out of proportion and the chair has the appearance of being heavy and squat. Condition Significant alterations to the back. The arms might be from another chair. One arm support restored. The back legs built up. 20th century covers. Materials Walnut (solid and veneer). Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 91 W. 66 D. 61 Parker Numbers 1745. 3245. Provenance Purchased by Frederik Parker & Sons pre-1912 from Clifford; valued at £9.0.0 Notes For comparable chairs of this period see Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, for example p.176, Plate 4:65, and pp.182-3, Plates 4.76 and 4.81. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF072 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered armchair with shepherd’s crook arms. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1735-1745 and later. Description An account of the resource An upholstered walnut armchair with shepherd’s crook arms, ‘compass’ seat and cabriole front legs with ball and claw feet. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9cbf31c4f765365094015b7f7dc23c4a.jpg 841520cd00705fa2930d57dbae841add https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2eef40a431017618aacb7438bd8b314a.jpg 6103fb2036e93dc6b9356ad3ca2f8235 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/18248016d209b61863075205ca0e0909.jpg 879a843f59c564dd774cf3ac938d2170 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b1b59b5f606e559dccb3de03fb3dbbe1.jpg fa9eece0c8a3788af07c2012f990bbbf https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/44d4980c71ce4a5b01390101dbc9e74d.jpg 15e8ce2d6c18f3061b85981b71e062b4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c604451199932b06be04a76db2346fd2.jpg c1ff918556509ba0635f72606752bc3d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5f6b7d828b20a25a0e49b1b4529316a7.jpg 127c9395247f6da26e6270b973bd3894 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut chair has figured veneers on the faces of the back posts, crest, cross rail and splat and on the seat rails. The waisted back posts are joined by a shaped crest rail, above a shaped intermediary cross-rail and an elaborately shaped solid splat fitted into a raised ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. The ‘compass’ (rounded) seat, echoing the shape of the back, is moulded along the top edges to retain the drop-in seat, which is replaced and upholstered in 20th century gold velour. The chair is raised on four cabriole legs terminating in pad feet; the front legs are walnut with ‘C’ scrolls on the ears at the top of the legs and foliate carving on the knees and feet, while the back legs are stained beech with plain scroll ears on the knees. This type of chair was often called a banister-back chair. It has a compass back and seat and is broader than the tall and narrow chairs of the 1720s. The back is both ‘bended’ in the vertical plane and dished in the horizontal plane. The complexity of its form and construction entailed ‘a high degree of workshop organisation as well as individual competence’ (Bowett, 2009). Chairs of this form are sometimes associated to the Clerkenwell cabinet- and chair-maker, Giles Grendey (1693-1780); examples of Grendey’s chairs include a set of six walnut chairs, c. 1730, two bearing the remnants of his trade label, now in the Carnegie Museum of Art (Gilbert, 1996); and a set of red-japanned (lacquered) and gilt chairs, c. 1735-40, from about eighty various pieces that Grendey supplied to the Duke of Infantado for his castle of Lazcano in Spain - an example is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 37.115. However, chairs like this were made by a number of other makers; for example, a pair with similar profile back but more extravagantly carved is at Glin Castle, Co. Limerick, and has been identified as by an Irish maker (Knight of Glin, 2007); and a chair with a very similar back and square seat was sold at Sotheby’s, New York, 20th January 1990, lot 116. Condition The ‘shoe’ may be a replacement; there are screw holes on the top and a piece missing from the right side. There is a small piece of veneer missing on the left side of the seat-rail. The drop-in seat frame is replaced. The front legs could be early-20th century replacements; the overcleaned surface of the chair makes a judgement very difficult. Materials Walnut. Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 102 W. 58 D. 61 Parker Numbers Plastic label on seat rail, PATTERN OM 3697. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 146. Provenance In stock prior to 1915; purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons for £15.0.0 from Cecil Millar of 30 Newman Street, W.1. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 177-179. See Plates 4:66 and 4:67 for comparable chairs. C. Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, Furniture History Society and Maney, 1996, p. 242, plate 434. <a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/198003">Giles Grendey | Side chair | British, Clerkenwell, London | The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> Knight of Glin, J. Peill, Irish Furniture, New Haven and London, 2007, pp. 108-109, fig. 139. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF073 Title A name given to the resource Carved walnut and walnut-veneered side chair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740 Description An account of the resource A carved walnut and walnut-veneered side chair with solid splat and cabriole legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/332a04d968fe31c591efd3cc77e26729.jpg 4f5cf3a3950f4fcdf27b21f92095d0d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9d33e2b63e459e5fc9ab7fd3f6e3aa6b.jpg 75a9adb8ce086e7115fce8973cc68798 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2752ca855544453e87d65c1d92c4b5e1.jpg f1413293e5fb7d5e3f2bc12c0ae3086e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d66bfbe6feb5ec6e22911fd0d16a4c09.jpg d43df0c086d8fef9b149b431641d250a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f104ec7d2aa05164f8195c8a5410aac4.jpg ac26b95070605dcf07fb67744ecde2f4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/abac70486ace25c21b122cdaf95d2a53.jpg ac26b95070605dcf07fb67744ecde2f4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/20f17ae6a0a644d06446f6c6d519e976.jpg 2298ded1c96e09699424b54673e544b4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a concave crest rail with deeply carved scrolls at the rounded ends, and tapering and waisted back posts which are cross-grain veneered. A solid inverted baluster splat, almost violin-shaped, joins an upholstered drop-in ‘compass’ (rounded) seat on a walnut-veneered seat-rail with a shaped front apron. The chair has cabriole front legs with carved ‘C’ scroll ears and pad feet. The back legs are turned with shaped ears and flared with pad feet. The legs are joined by a turned ‘H’-form stretcher with square blocks; the middle stretcher is wave-shaped and there is a higher turned back stretcher. The drop-in seat is covered with 20th century reproduction Genoa figured velvet. This type of chair was often described as a ‘banister’ or ‘pedestal’ back chair in contemporary accounts, referring to the baluster- or vase-shaped profile of its central splat. In June 1725, inventories for Cannons, Middlesex, and Chandos House, London, respectively the country and London seats of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, show that both houses had several sets of chairs with ‘banister backs’(Bowett, 2009). This chair has a similar waved cross-stretcher to that found on a japanned and beechwood chair illustrated in Bowett, 2009, p.158, Plate 4:29, and on a chair in the Frederick Parker Collection, FPF045, also illustrated in Bowett, 2009, p. 163, Plate 4:37. The use of stretchers in combination with cabriole legs was gradually phased out on the better quality chairs during the 1720s and 1730s. Condition Original finish stripped; now stained and varnished, obscuring the colour and grain. Repairs to right hand back upright, shoe and right hand seat rail. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 W. 53 D. 53 Parker Numbers OM 8, pattern no. 281. See Frederick Parker Achive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 137 and 159. Provenance In stock with Frederick Parker & Sons prior to 1911 when it was valued at £1.0.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 158, 161, 163, 177, Plates 4:29, 4:37-4:38. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF080 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with a solid baluster splat and upholstered drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/79405c7210eedec264849b32456fe677.jpg 9bd4b68a16e08654b83face959909d23 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8a96931d1c8239d002336af11b328f0d.jpg b3cd4fc78ebd1d0f32f0a49efb29fbbf https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4d01b1c81e6a60bb089421d8f3e6ba58.jpg a81c4852a22066fec5aab7936eca501f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f73751d4717bd68976a39c777bf1b71a.jpg e8abf7a0f85fdc7f974066fa723c9255 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8dbe1cafc014f2eb275a0450561b09fe.jpg ac08ddf788594b125357219592c33477 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f37159f8d033b87592be048f0d54618c.jpg 2eeccac488db743b6defaa77906c0b90 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fe59dedf43cee141682c766a05b37629.jpg 06b856b0e81c5ac2ef11c905f3677263 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2eec554c23951e6636cc48ec8e794461.jpg 167520473f76743860361258bbf50f79 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/df0cb562c5a6ec4a584092b257142c00.jpg 787daf257adcaf1c6f0423f3f0e2415c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/09c83c3306aecd503559a0c6b32addc2.jpg 673e6d5a1c0a3ac48b22b75324462b32 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/befef41d65100c87f51b9370af33c82c.jpg 53cccb21a777a92a278a18134669a9d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e39904197d74fb01fff65ab3933c1662.jpg 5fc6f13eaeeea68043ac81724489a58c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This unusual corner chair, mainly in American black walnut, has a saddle-shaped seat in the manner of Windsor chairs, and the back is shaped and profiled, with a curved ‘paper scroll’ at the top. The arms are formed as a boldly curved bow and end in outwardly flaring scrolls, resting on slender turned column supports which rise from the tops of two of the legs. The seat rails are made of elm, cross-grain veneered in walnut. The four cabriole legs have shell carvings on the knees and terminate in pad feet. Corner chairs were often associated with writing or dressing, and as such would have been seen from the back as well as the front. In this case the back leg is treated in exactly the same way as the other three, and the back itself is fully finished, whereas on most chairs of this period the backs were given a more basic, and less expensive, treatment. Such chairs were seldom made in sets or pairs, but usually as individual items, and are referred to in contemporary inventories as ‘dressing chairs’ (Bowett, 2009). Although this chair is well made it lacks the degree of sophistication expected of a London maker. For example, the arm supports seem rather incongruous and the use of elm as a secondary wood is unusual in metropolitan work. It was perhaps the work of a competent provincial maker. The leathered squab cushion is of a later date. Condition One arm support replaced. Veneer patched on front seat rail. Squab not original. The patinated surface that was present when the chair was acquired for the Frederick Parker Collection, and is visible in an early photograph, has unfortunately been cleaned off, although the chair retains its mellow colour. Materials American black walnut. Elm. Squab cushion. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 W. 76 D. 69 Parker Numbers 3837. 4919. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons on 15 May 1916 from White for £38.0.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2009, p.188-9. Exhibited at the British Antique Dealers’ Association’s Exhibition of Art Treasures at the Grafton Galleries, London, 1928, no. 89. Although in the exhibition catalogue it was described simply as an ‘armchair’, the tall narrow back with its paper-scroll cresting sometimes gave rise to the erroneous idea that this was a barber’s chair. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF083 Title A name given to the resource Walnut corner armchair with shaped seat, scrolled back and cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740 Description An account of the resource A corner armchair in American black walnut and elm, with a shaped seat, solid back with scrolled top, out-swept arms and four cabriole legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7066c71f869329d7078c6e5725e29b85.jpg d1545bfeab6a5e426b3bb7b33ffe83ce https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6c2693f778b38b619fae4c7172e94024.jpg 669b5ce61cb1eb7dab7363d84e2080c1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/72514d4c6fcc3336b6e4c11bd667398c.jpg 9d779c8a4f9c5456f84af82e052ce40c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ec4ee4cf184d8257cbbd8eb6c290eac1.jpg 9644f6db8035a172745778a4149b6a70 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5fa22be36a4802a5fe7fc6a28df4ae89.jpg 24a430b453205d9c82c96daaf03d5810 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/800d7478ebabf38356f3fbbe36682494.jpg 7a8b53de740def180bf3afe9424ba059 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a5928492b7d8dee26248b70b91e15095.jpg 3da84a0ecba49bcfa21a96be3b592a11 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4410ced775618d1b4046a122e777aa20.jpg f4a6117ff8a3213d869740711fa270b6 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a dipped crest rail with rounded cusped corners, continuous with the back posts, which are waisted. The back is cross-grain walnut veneered on oak and has an edge moulding. It encloses an inner frame for an upholstered back panel covered in a modern red damask and secured with 19th or early 20th century steel turn-buttons on the rear face, which is covered in red cloth. The waisted seat rails are also cross-grain walnut veneered on oak, with an edge moulding, framing a compass (rounded) upholstered drop-in seat. There are carved scallop shells on the seat rail at the front corners, where the front legs meet the rail. The front cabriole legs, which are solid walnut, have ‘C’ scrolls and lappets carved at the knees, and the solid walnut cabriole back legs are flared. The legs terminate in pad feet. Although at first sight this appears to be a chair dating to around 1730, it was almost certainly made up in the late 19th or early 20th century, using the front legs and seat rails of an 18th century chair. The back and seat are narrower, and the overall shaping of the chair is more stilted than would be expected of an 18th century chair; the upholstered back panel would also be a highly unusual feature in a chair of that date. The steel turn-buttons and the use of oak rather than beech as a secondary timber further indicate that this is a made-up chair. It is reasonable to assume this chair was made to deceive and was sold to Frederick Parker as such, who paid a considerable sum for it. Condition The front legs and front and side seat-rails appear to be 18th century and rest of the chair is later. The front left ear is probably a replacement. Materials Walnut. Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 107 W. 61 D. 51 Marks Stamped ‘III’ on left hand seat rail, indicating this is one of a set. Parker Numbers OM 5993, pattern no. 4398. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 126. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in December 1921 from Clifford for £15.0.0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF086 Title A name given to the resource A walnut side chair with upholstered drop-in seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900-1920, part c.1730 Description An account of the resource A walnut and walnut-veneered side chair with cabriole legs and upholstered drop-in seat and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3deb412f3dad3057fdcc56477a6447f9.jpg 4f3ddd1e57242caa4fcded1d6e444e8b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1ccf4c00ee3183ff89116d1acc7f6ac6.jpg 23d56c95fb23a48a075a4a9bd71c1926 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/07c3f11fd15a1d2b2fe9b9fa8b9f8919.jpg 2aee07815ced436625d25393b50820b8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/332efcce92722748a4c7f9fe76a8aa3f.jpg d8ecdea6de68735b2b79a34246066e23 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e50c36230b7a69aeb4ec9c25bda51fdd.jpg b35574b0fb02a6ba8a4adfc5be738e47 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany chair has a spoon-shaped, waisted and fully upholstered back, with a semi-circular scoop in the top centre. The stuff-over compass seat rests on four cabriole legs decorated with carving, the front pair with leaves on the knees and just above the pad feet, and the back pair with leaves along the upper forward edge. This carving has traces of gilded decoration. The upholstery cover is 20th-century velvet with braided trimming. It is suggested that this is one of a set of perhaps six Scottish chairs dated c.1735-40, attributed to Edinburgh makers Alexander Peter and John Schaw and reputed to have belonged to Catherine Gordon of Gight (Wood, 2008, p.419). Two of the chairs were recorded by the furniture historian R.W. Symonds but their current location is unknown. A third is in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, where the construction and upholstery have been studied in detail (see Wood, p.420). All three chairs are shown with needlework covers depicting scenes from Ovid, suggesting the Frederick Parker chair might originally have had similar covers. The top of the back of this chair (and of the others in the set described above) has a semi-circular scoop which might have held a circular decorative or armorial motif. This is a feature of other chairs discussed by Wood (p.407) and Beard (1997). If the assumptions above are correct this would have been a very expensive chair, made for an aristocratic client by leading Edinburgh craftsmen, Alexander Peter, ‘wright’, or joiner, and John Schaw, upholsterer. It would have originally been covered with needlework of exceptional quality and had an armorial roundel in the crest. It would possibly have graced the grand rooms of a Scottish baronial house. Condition There are losses to both front feet. The chair was re-covered in velvet with braid trimming in the 20th century. It is recorded that when purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons it was covered in Morocco leather (goat skin). Materials Mahogany. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 W. 61 D. 66 Parker Numbers 950. 2059. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons pre-1911 from Millar (probably Cecil Millar) for £13.13.0 Notes Lucy Wood, The Upholstered Furniture in the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Yale University Press, Vol. I, 2008, p.419. This chair is considered alongside comparable chairs in the Lady Lever Art Gallery collection. Beard, Geoffrey, Upholsterers and Interior Furnishing in England 1530-1840, Yale University Press, 1997, p184. A similar chair is illustrated in Edwards, Ralph, Dictionary of English Furniture, Country Life, 1954, Vol. I, p. 261. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF092 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany side chair with upholstered oval seat and spoon-shaped back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740. Description An account of the resource Mahogany side chair with cabriole legs, carved and gilt, with upholstered oval seat and spoon-shaped back.