3 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cb8f3d0b59494e9f6538077264624db6.jpg bd04a532dba114edf270a8f11e80c55d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8ae071346060790484d92158f43004ce.jpg 0bbe01109e103fceb6ce6729f2b67791 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ff3fe02049cdd8860c3b0af51880d528.jpg ca914fcdf88986d2024d5feaedc617f7 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut stool has a rectangular seat frame with a moulded edge retaining the upholstered drop-in seat. The four legs have baluster turnings at the top, square cut cabriole legs with pronounced knees and a beaded outline, terminating in scroll feet. The legs are united by cross stretchers of broken serpentine form. All the features of the stool are consistent with styles of the early 18th century; drop-in seats first appear on chairs in around 1700; this form of cabriole leg is seen on chairs and tables from around 1710; and cross-stretchers are recorded in the Royal Household accounts from the 1690s and remained fashionable until around 1715 (Bowett, 2009). However, although this appears to be an early 18th century stool, close inspection reveals it was made in the late 19th or early 20th century. The construction of the seat frame and the applied moulded edge are not consistent with typical joiners’ work of the period. The detailing of the legs is somewhat over-finished and the colour and patination is contrived rather than genuinely old. It is likely this stool was made to deceive, a practice which was not unusual at the time, when the demand for antiques outstripped supply. The stool was bought by Frederick Parker at a price which would indicate he assumed it was an 18th century antique. Condition The solid wood mouldings to the seat are badly split due to drying and shrinkage; they have been glued to a supporting frame and this has prevented their natural movement. The drop-in seat frame is of the same period, with webbing supporting the stuffing and a faded red brocade cover. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 43 W. 50 D. 43 Parker Numbers Plastic label inside seat rail: OM 1687. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1914 for £5.0.0 Notes See Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, pp.144-156. A similar stool was sold at Christie’s, King Street, London on 9th March 2000, lot 14. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF039 Title A name given to the resource Walnut rectangular stool with drop-in seat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910 Description An account of the resource A walnut rectangular stool with an upholstered drop-in seat, cabriole legs and cross stretchers. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/430ff764ab6f9107b402ec901de654eb.jpg fd76b221d277d3e6b219d7563139c38f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/609f714f5d54e42bed083664439d61fc.jpg 12e9d39d1226c92e09d255b91a85704d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/692ee93ff336d1101ab04d2247654e82.jpg f7da75ec28eef7ddac9f12e848237c76 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ad3773fd5a0ed3ed639dda509d910b8f.jpg 972507ae54a26b6358e6f9f5640c5a4c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/df95f2bf2114afe972822bfae963c81e.jpg 33d1c6cbd8465b176fec1268c413c7e0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/12c309ca161ac88ab27c1ca596c4c0e3.jpg 40991c2c069be7fb660b73534737c1d4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a caned seat and double panel caned back. The back posts, centre splat and lower rail are moulded and carved with leaf work and husk festoons, surmounted by a carved and pierced double-arch crest with scrolls and leaf-work, enclosing two fine-caned panels. The tapered seat has moulded rails and is caned, with shaped aprons to the front and sides. The front legs are cabriole with scrolled ears and pad feet. The raked back legs are turned with squared blocks at the joints and flared heels. There is a turned H-form stretcher with blocks at the joints and a higher turned back stretcher. The chair has had a number of repairs and restorations which make it somewhat difficult to date. It is comparable with a chair illustrated by Bowett (2009, p.158, Plate 4.29) which is more elaborate but has the same features of a double caned back, carved crest, cabriole front legs, profiled aprons and raked back legs; however it also has a high ‘bended’ back, whereas in the case of FPF040 the back is flat and unusually short. For another bended back chair with cabriole legs, see FPF046. Chair designs at this period were rapidly evolving and some makers were quicker at adopting new styles than others. In this chair, the back legs are rather more raked than is necessary for the height of the back, and by this time some makers were dispensing with stretchers when the chair had cabriole legs. In terms of proportions, the back is unusually short for the rest of the chair and the steeply raked back legs suggest the chair might originally have had a taller back; however the back does not appear to have been cut down. Condition The front seat rail has been replaced. The side aprons are replaced. The right front leg is replaced, now with woodworm damage to the foot. The left back leg has been repaired, with a spliced replacement. The right back leg is possibly replaced. Materials Walnut. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 105 W. 48 D. 53 Parker Numbers 5159. 3085. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons, 6th May 1918, from Sinclair Belfort, for £5.0.0 Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture,1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2009, p.158, Plate 4:29. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF040 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with double panel caned back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and double panel caned back, with cabriole front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cdc75385a8e6a7ebf19228898b9b4adc.jpg 185dfdc53bb6f9ea47484b359e288aa4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6a917020ca879db88cf11d66c9c85833.jpg 9c647267906ab31793a618862d278963 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8de1f67017eda272a7c6576ed1007b5e.jpg 9cd0be085c82e5be6dca9e7b21d97ec9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/75abd14c90d1dfe96188efefeca9cb56.jpg 9f553bdf93bd7419865cecccd71107ae https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ac3d3eab8df8df2c94bdd233fd26b63b.jpg ce0c635a5467f7e12d135e0876b3d924 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e0502798b9e10e641a7d5b8f5e6eec18.jpg c26ca86846848b30d4d35ebcd5cf6243 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8eb0bb81c1a00871fa790ee08a9036e7.jpg ba792ddca49f6b60b7fe3330a0ad2e60 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/36b7ff08ecb11bc595f48465964e576e.jpg 21ad32eaa741d1d5b8b88f12dfbacc39 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c1a723f7f98a759ac97b33c8138288bc.jpg bc709a88d2d9c06618242dd3e5a904f5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2f22405d4660e59f01cc41e4814e0b13.jpg 11afb91c57a677873427c1396dad582a Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This carved walnut side chair has an early 18th century back splat and crest rail, whereas the rest of the chair was made in the Frederick Parker workshop in the early 20th century. It has a ‘bended back’, or ‘India back’, derived from Chinese chairs imported by the East India Company, with moulded and waisted back posts. The seat is upholstered with a modern cover. The front legs are cabrioles ending in ‘pieds de biche’, ie., feet carved in the form of deer hooves. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with blocked heels. There is an H-form way stretcher with the cross stretcher set forward, arched and carved with scrolls and leaves. Much of the design is in the French style and such chairs are often referred to in the antiques trade as in the style of Daniel Marot, the French architect and designer to William III. The chair was made by Frederick Parker and Sons in the early 20th century, using the period splat and crest. The design is attributed to Walter Ferry, who was employed by Parkers from 1913 to 1941; his expertise in antiques and design made a significant contribution to the success of the company in the first half of the 20th century (Bland, 1995). In their original form, chairs of this type would have been expensive; the bended back requires more wood than a chair with a straight back, and the extent of shaping and carving involved in every element indicates significant time and skill in the making. The back splat and crest rail resemble those in a set of chairs at Hampton Court, c.1725 (Bowett, 2009). Bowett considers the Hampton Court chairs might originally have had caned or rush seats because the lower rail in the back is set at a height which appears too low for upholstery; the chairs were fitted with new seat rails in the 19th century, and the upholstery could have been added then. Condition The splat and crest rail are early 18th century, the rest of the chair is early 20th century. The seat cover was fitted in the 1930s. There are two holes in the back of the splat, now filled, which might indicate that at some stage it was hung up in a workshop as a pattern. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 117 W. 56 D. 53 Parker Numbers 6266 Provenance Made by Frederick Parker & Son, c.1915. Notes Stephen Bland, Take a Seat, The Story of Parker Knoll, 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, pp.41-2. For the comparable Hampton Court chairs see Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1730, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, p.164, Plate 4:40. For a similar chair see Peter Brown, The Noel Terry Collection, The York Civic Trust, 1987, p. 47. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF041 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with carved splat and upholstered seat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-1920, the splat and crest 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with a carved back splat and crest rail, cabriole front legs and upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7a66704741e6635c7714c67f3068d02a.jpg 56fe118c7f632fe9eced139cd0d21f97 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/848963e958af358651a61e08113411d1.jpg 9262f05a431fe7f76246d56c2930af50 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1afd4a982cb96c851d673a23cb92cc0e.jpg f00abd0dc74d461d96786c6456978496 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e57d597686a4b91038dafdea6bf077cc.jpg 72d810c9b4afe395cb3d0e60746c767e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/96c895d6b1a0ce386d6da68475909496.jpg 6508cf5e96b1840e721af64e1513ec97 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9bcdd0f42aa097b65c41fa94ff0ee9f9.jpg 1820c2b49067380f1bca2c30abd30d5c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4d43836df851ea1a2b8644b337304416.jpg 7ed27d9d0cd5f1bf14b95d7200182ee3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5a28b3e7fdb600126244deae95533153.jpg 8d85f018bed488fa31f3ab833b774d04 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0d94e72904c8a38c78b3745a322ba4d6.jpg 56bcd9ebd86c7c4bdc4f87c696441248 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0f5d194141a3219b8be78a4a14637fdc.jpg 10e3a12d1ad67eca83bfbabf57b1d97f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2916fb141b7e0be1d50b44ec07018ef8.jpg 45535b26032675824e803661d7722546 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut chair has a curved crest rail with a raised scroll in the centre, above serpentine back posts and a central splat, which is of baluster form with a pierced vase-shape at the top. The splat is inlaid with a marquetry cartouche, and is fitted to a shoe resting on the rear seat rail. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with squared blocks at the seat joints and heels; the legs are raked and the heels flared. The rushed drop-in seat fits within plain moulded rails; the bottom edge of the front rail is shaped with an inverted double arch in the centre. The front legs are cabriole with moulded edges, terminating in pad feet. There is an H-stretcher, the side stretchers turned with squared blocks at the joints with the rear legs and medial stretcher, and round at the front legs; the medial stretcher is set asymmetrically and is flat and wavy. There is a higher back stretcher, also turned. The rush in the seat is old but probably not original. The shaped back to this walnut chair was sometimes referred to in contemporary documents as ‘India-back’ or ‘bended back’. The reference to India relates to goods imported by the East India Company and in this case the chair back is influenced by particular Chinese chairs which had similarly shaped backs. The cabriole legs are also likely to have been influenced by Chinese examples, although the term is clearly French and the form was introduced in France before transferring to England by 1720. The baluster shape of the splat is a classical form, echoing early Grecian and Roman architecture. The splat and front seat rail are decorated with marquetry; very similar marquetry may be seen on a comparable chair at Erddig (see Bowett). Overall this is a plain chair and the rush, or ‘matted’ drop-in seat indicates it would always have been relatively inexpensive compared to an upholstered chair, or even a chair with a caned seat. However it is well made, using walnut, which was the fashionable wood for good quality furniture at the time, and every part is skilfully shaped using a minimum of wood to create a light but strong frame. It would typically have been used as a dining chair and was no doubt supplied as one of a set. A squab cushion may have been added for comfort and to protect the rush seat. The rush seat here is unlikely to be the original, but it is old and a rare survival. Condition In very good, original condition, with few repairs or restorations. The H-stretchers are replacements. It has been suggested the marquetry panel may have been a later addition. The rush has been replaced, perhaps in the 19th century. Materials Walnut. Marquetry possibly using holly or boxwood. Rush. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 107 W. 56 D. 56 Marks The back of the seat rail is stamped with the initials RR, possibly the joiner’s mark. Parker Numbers 6166 Provenance Purchased 12 September 1928 from C. Millar for £9.10.0, almost certainly Cecil Millar, antiques dealer of 30 Newman Street, London, the same street as Parkers’ showroom. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club 2009, p.163, Plate 4:37, for an illustration of this chair; for the Erddig chair see p.161, Plate 4:32. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF045 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with drop-in rush seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1740 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with a high curved back, baluster-shaped splat, a rush drop-in seat and cabriole front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/63c6115854066fd94dec2dfa4be9db8e.jpg 9b06411b7a13a705ecfaf433fd86cf95 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cf563f27e59670434ec1941bed7ff85b.jpg 4135a119e600a948c406cf3b57b1a348 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/70bcebabe7a0ee9bd6a5d8e6a2e3d5e2.jpg 4af211c25bb5fd3c15637dfed9f4ad79 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a3d2372de4fe6ea663aadaaa8a36f590.jpg 4d9eb4de429c10f9321aa4b3c54d68d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6c540be73ebc4eabe4ac27f872e98985.jpg 21b35d38ae7d96dbb5ec43443ff4c0e7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5d6d8470e25531a6a305daa234190fe5.jpg 16f7deebc9143fea007f921f395a519f Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This beech chair has a walnut splat originally with an inlaid marquetry cartouche which is now missing. The chair has an ‘India’ or ‘bended’ back, with moulded posts and a central rectangular splat surmounted by a boldly carved and pierced crest with scrolls and a centre shell. There is a lower rail at the base of the splat and two panels of fine canework which appear to be original. The tapered seat frame is also caned and there is a profiled apron on the bottom edge of the front rail. The front legs are rounded cabrioles with pad feet, while the raked back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with squared blocks and flared heels. There is an H-form stretcher with turned side rails and a flat wave-form cross stretcher, asymmetrically placed, and a higher turned back rail. The beech parts have been stained to resemble walnut. The chair is unusual in being essentially a beech chair with a walnut splat. Beech was a less expensive wood, but this was a complex chair to make, with the bended back, carved crest and cabriole legs. This level of work would normally be associated with a walnut chair. The marquetry cartouche in the splat which is now missing would have been a further expense. For an example of the type of marquetry this might have been, see Bowett, 2009, p.161, Plate 4:33. Another chair illustrated by Bowett (ibid, p172, Plate 4:56) has a similarly bold shell-carved and scrolled crest. The ‘bended’ back was sometimes referred to as an ‘India’ back in contemporary accounts, reflecting the Chinese influence on English furniture, and is also seen in other chairs in the Frederick Parker Collection; see FPF 045, 050 and 058. The earliest documented set of chairs with this form of back were recorded at Canons Ashby in 1717 (Bowett, ibid, p.157). Condition The front and side seat rails are replaced. The caning in the seat is replaced. The left back leg is re-tipped. Materials Beech. Walnut. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 118 W. 52 D. 51 Parker Numbers 3545 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons prior to 1914, from Irving for £10.0.0 Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture,1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2009, pp.156-161, Plate 4:33 and p.172, Plate 4:56. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF046 Title A name given to the resource Beech side chair with walnut splat and caned seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource Beech side chair with walnut splat, caned seat and back and cabriole legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9ef421477db871656042e9b80f5c52de.jpg 664ce553e56b2f25587b901a5c2e4b2d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f919c33bb13f64524435f5166c3b4760.jpg 0cda21533d1b62255881e3739bf74150 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/344b20920386f668ea6bf20baddfc56f.jpg dea8423f137ec2294fdc640454eab82b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/35861c98ebf4e831aa47701a65f6724a.jpg 068df92183b2e6dcbde792de79443f93 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a44722689aac24d279c51ba8d4fe8ec7.jpg fd8c687ad1182609f0d26372c9c8fbdb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9de8be96b3323f194f072a79e7072235.jpg d110aec77d9f7607412bcf95aceec3fd https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8e5502841515731267dee3fdea235899.jpg 498436f455b532ce9890d64d341e6aee https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f161047c3d4d3e36bd8a3d9e7d1fa08d.jpg 5ef088d39d7aa20570ac1e88b63c92d2 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a tall narrow back and a solid rectangular splat, which are curved in both planes. The scrolled convex crest rail joins turned and tapering back posts that terminate in ring-turned carving. The carved cusped motif at the base of the splat is taken from a Chinese lotus design. The splat is tenoned into a raised ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. The drop-in upholstered seat with tapering sides has been replaced and is now covered in a modern green damask fabric. The chair has four cabriole legs with c-scrolls at the knees, and which terminate in pad feet. The seat rails are cut away for a lighter effect. This type of chair, with its distinctive curved splat and back posts designed to fit the human form, first made its appearance in England in the early 18th-century, inspired by Chinese chairs. They were referred to as ‘India back’, since India was then understood to mean anywhere east of the Mediterranean, including China; other terms for these chairs were ‘bended’, ‘crook’d’ or ‘sweep’ back chairs. The introduction of the ‘India back’ is considered ‘the most radical and far-reaching design innovation of the eighteenth century’ (Bowett, 2009). The earliest documented chairs with this type of back were recorded in the ‘Right Hand Parlour’ at Canons Ashby in November 1717 (ibid.). Chairs of this type and date were mostly made in the solid from walnut, as in this example, or mahogany. It is usual for them to bear little or no carving. A similar settee is illustrated in Symonds, 1953. Condition This chair has been over-cleaned. Drop-in seat replaced. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 112 W. 56 D. 61 Marks This chair is stamped ‘VIII’ on the front seat-rail indicating it was one of a set of at least eight chairs. Parker Numbers 529 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1913 for £1.0.0. Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 156-157, Plate 4:24. See also p. 47, Plate 1:38 where this chair is illustrated. R.W. Symonds, ‘A Chair from China’, Country Life, 5 November 1953, pp. 1497-1499, fig. 9. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF050 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with cabriole legs and drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with a curved solid splat and drop-in seat, on cabriole legs with pad feet https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c3c3c8dde6b57d9daf5bb336c0239d4b.jpg 06c64babaae63ffb374824eb57e4387f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9e205e0c3af09fd7ed01d82c96b6fa6c.jpg 32bf46606051100910341d0838a28ada https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2d83cf3b6187c2e0ff55810b2b41fd3d.jpg 9daeeb4a4147a7d741e800483d638700 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5e1900ee3b8b52261dca5813a19d0431.jpg fa66c2b9d2f4664fcaac5fd5d6f5773b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4f029457338ae73ab901d61626ed3d0c.jpg beebed6275827cb43c209fd366da1e96 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/47ee3e452ab4777b238361678c67aecb.jpg 5d2486d84b5d2f9449636cb8436bc3cb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ee3626feaafde0e9ff2a7d35f30b187d.jpg ad7aabe1b979899b2726ad08698d630d Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a rectangular padded back with rounded corners and a deep stuff-over seat. The front legs are cabriole with shaped ears and ‘C’ scroll carving at the edges, which terminate in pad feet. The back legs are plain, cabriole and flared, and terminate in pad feet. The chair has been altered in the 1930s to fit steel springs in the seat, with a loose cushion, and is covered in a 20th century red velvet damask with yellow fringe trimming. The back has a vertical strip of 19th century and possibly earlier hessian. This is a good quality chair of its type, but its proportions and appearance were altered considerably in the 1930s by fitting the Parker Knoll tension springs to the seat. These tension springs were an innovation in upholstery, first introduced in 1932 and became a very successful for the company. This was clearly an attempt to fit them into an antique chair as a model for reproductions. The result is a much thicker seat than the original, and a heavier-looking chair, but presumably more comfortable. In the 1720s, this type of upholstered chair was supplied in sets to furnish state rooms; for example, a set of six walnut chairs with original crimson damask upholstery, now in the Salon at Erddig, is probably that recorded in the 1726 inventory in the ‘Second Best Bed Chamber’. Another, more elaborate set at Erdigg is the suite of eight chairs and a settee with silvered frames and crimson cut-velvet covers recorded in the Withdrawing Room in 1726 (Bowett, 2009). Condition Cut-outs in the front and rear seat-rail for a later fitted girth rail, now missing. Corner braces under the seat are replaced. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Steel. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 W. 58 D. 64 Parker Numbers 128, 1343 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons before 1914 when valued at £1.17.6. Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1714-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 165-168, Plates 4:42 to 4:49 inc. <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/434850">Untitled 434850 | National Trust collections</a> For comparable chairs at Ham House, see: C. Gilbert, P. Thornton, The Furnishing and Decoration of Ham House, Furniture History, Vol. 16, 1980, Figs. 154-156. See also G. Beard & N. Goodison, English Furniture 1500-1840, Phaidon, 1987, p. 97, fig. 5 by William Hallett, c. 1735 and fig. 7 at Warwick Castle. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF054 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered side chair Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1725-1730 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with cabriole legs, fitted with Parker Knoll upholstery. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/055f4a8d6d6eea7b22bcd933c9fffecb.jpg 484ef91a08eb6765f59346c327622dc3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e52bc6a65fda90005f443f80eafcd792.jpg c5c12bc68b7e1f52c1bd50cc6196492d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ee603da1d97b076896088b39673883b6.jpg 1e55a13a318862772b155e068301bbae https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9800d0c671acff4ec650e08375f7f17a.jpg 02f831dec31c5a186f1a25500db23b5e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cc07fac81aab0f77d25ccac913832da6.jpg e2af50a86fee656882e1a9ba06b68431 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This armchair has a tall rectangular back with shaped wings and scrolled arms and arm supports, all upholstered, and it has a loose seat cushion, or squab, curved at the front. The shaped oak seat rail is veneered in cross-banded walnut and the chair is raised on four solid walnut cabriole legs terminating in pad feet, the front legs carved with bifurcated foliate scrolls at the knees, while the back legs are in what is known as the ‘broken’ cabriole form. The chair has a modern fixed gold velvet cover with a fringe trimming, and it has a detachable embroidered head-piece, possibly made from a late 18th-century Italian ecclesiastical fabric. This chair almost certainly has its original hessian and webbing, the latter repaired. There are traces of the original red worsted used to cover the back of the chair under the nails on the back of the seat-rail. There are remnants of a fine linen on the front seat-rail, which may be from the original upholstery. One of the earliest references to a chair with upholstered wings on each side of the chair-back is in an account of furniture supplied to Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 (Symonds, 1956). In the 17th century they were often referred to as ‘sleeping chairs’ and were used in bedchambers; the wings provided protection from cold draughts, as well as comfort. By the 18th century, wing armchairs (or easy chairs as they came to be called) were more common and were increasingly used in parlours. According to R.W. Symonds, wing armchairs initially had a square seat; this evolved into a rounded seat, as in this example, which remained in fashion until around 1730. Thereafter, it reverted back to a square seat. In general, wing armchairs had a squab cushion supported on a base of webbing and hessian, and the chair legs were short to account for the extra depth required by the cushion. An early wing-back armchair with similar chair legs but with flat scrolled arms and a square front to the seat is illustrated by Symonds (ibid). Condition The back legs are partially restored. Replaced front and back toes. Back left foot has a piece broken off (now in a plastic bag). Front ‘seatings’ for the legs have been replaced. 3 ears replaced, and veneer to seat rail. Four slots in the back and side rails, presumably for strengthening bars across the frame, now missing. Materials Walnut and walnut veneer. Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 112 W. 91 D. 79 Parker Numbers 313. 1551. 1552. 1886. 4260. 4274. PK302. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1915 for £8.10.0 and reproduced by Parker Knoll in 1939. Notes R.W. Symonds, ‘Sleeping and Easy Chairs’, Country Life Annual 1956, pp. 81-83. For a similar armchair see: <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/724188">Wing-back armchair 723188 | National Trust collections</a> (Mompesson House, Wiltshire). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF055 Title A name given to the resource An upholstered wing armchair with walnut cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource An upholstered wing armchair with scrolled arms and walnut cabriole legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/715a08d6d8f6d6141a7c5c50f2794f96.jpg 6846c4435bb6e97b67757c5802de58ba https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e60b9b79fff5cdc910af380dd5df5ea2.jpg 2805a9e2508617a8cae864142e66c903 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/972c4ea9cc230e207022a1b23b16ed45.jpg af9c70a126510b3ec4ca4b45bd3d64e6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/347093bbf6b7edb1fe485258b4e103b9.jpg 42c89a940fed07d2974e6b9b39925793 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b3d50f0fe30072c68f04e6c8f8c09936.jpg 85804778ed87fe0aa395fae5dfec78b0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/aa9bbad64064950f2882dc09901e9a5e.jpg bd4a0cd520537662e18e3dd05cb80042 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4ef37c223a5efa9c1d177ce77f8cf83b.jpg 6565e2a4a413edefad778c03bd065153 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e4a427375c9a299fece953197c21ddc5.jpg daaa5f59840187c942add91f5dda4c30 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a tall, concave back with moulded and chamfered back posts joined by an undulating, dipped crest rail, and a solid baluster splat that slots into a raised ‘shoe’ on top of the rear seat rail. It has a tapered drop-in upholstered seat. The moulded front seat-rail has a central carved-in scallop shell. The front legs are ‘broken’ cabriole with carved ‘C’ scroll brackets on the knees; the lower front legs have unusual carved recessed panels, terminating in pad feet which have been cut short. The flared and chamfered back legs have been shortened and fitted with brass castors. The legs are joined by a flat, shaped ‘H’ stretcher, centred by double-scroll carving in the Dutch auricular manner. The side stretchers echo the ‘broken’ cabriole form of the front legs. The upholstery is 20th century. This form of chair is derived from Chinese chairs with the crest rail shaped like a milkmaid’s yoke, turned back posts and a rectangular solid splat. In this example, some of the Chinese angularity is retained in the shape of the chair-back and the cusping on the corners of the crest rail. However, the baluster or vase-shaped splat is an English form introduced in the 1720s, when such chairs were referred to as ‘banister’ or ‘pedestal’ back chairs (Bowett, 2009). The curved upper section of the ‘broken’ cabriole leg probably derives from Chinese prototypes, for example k’ang tables and beds of the Ming and early Qing dynasties and seen for example in the seat-furniture and pier tables at Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire (ibid., p.154). Condition Old surface finish remains. The back of the splat shows evidence of an 18th century restoration, a knot filled with sawdust and glue. Feet/legs cut down to accommodate castors added later to the back legs. Drop-in seat frame is replaced Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 W. 58 D. 61 Marks Stamped ‘VI’ indicating that this chair is part of a set of at least six chairs. Parker Numbers Painted inside seat rail: 56/6220. Plastic label inside seat rail: OM 3757. There are two paper labels applied to the underside of the seat-rail – one reads ‘3757’, the other is illegible. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons prior to 1914 for £13.10.0 Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 154-159, 161. R.W. Symonds, ‘A Chair from China’, Country Life, 5 November 1953, pp. 1497-1499. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF056 Title A name given to the resource A walnut side chair with baluster splat and cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with a baluster splat, cabriole legs and drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ed63793cbeb2e3464e8ca94ca41d0bfb.jpg df007469744af39ba1872c9463107e0b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a9da113c43fbc3325931742d36156551.jpg 450a78ae6fba3f2a7eb701bd35916237 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e9234d2fc31ce006078fc8ed06133fba.jpg db37ffc12d11a19455cd49339281dc85 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2f39ec195556d096a176e6cabb34b2b9.jpg 89366f2dcdce06deb79af3becfb69b01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/86ff5572343fa1f8b169eabb0d47f38d.jpg bccaf2d882eb2c5e9161f8fdec821a4f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2bb0517c2bf2ec935c428f7343dd607d.jpg 201617c94a63a6f5f7953fac49f15abd Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a concave crest rail which is raised and scrolled in the centre, above curved back posts and central baluster splat. The splat is veneered and inlaid with chevron stringing around the edge in contrasting light and dark woods, possibly holly and ebony, and a star-shaped motif in the centre. The splat fits into a shoe on the rear seat rail, which is unusually deep. The back legs are squared cabriole in form. The seat rails are narrowed between the legs to give an appearance of lightness; they are beech, veneered in cross-banded walnut, with a strip along the top edges to retain the drop-in upholstered seat and a cock-bead moulding to the lower edges. The front legs are squared cabriole, ending in spade feet. There is an H-stretcher with wavy, squared and moulded sides, while the medial stretcher is asymmetric, flat and curved. Chairs with serpentine backs were referred to in the early 18th century as either ‘India back’ or ‘bended back’. The earliest documented chairs with this feature are at Canons Ashby, recorded in 1717 (Bowett, 2009). The curved back was a remarkable feature when it was introduced, because up to this point English chairs had straight backs, either upright or raked at a slight angle. The shape was copied from Chinese chairs, imported by the East India Company, hence the term ‘India back’. The cabriole legs were described at the time as either ‘French’ or ‘claw’ feet. Another set of chairs at Canons Ashby, made by Thomas Phill in 1717, are the earliest documented English chairs with this form of leg (ibid). However, the baluster splat is a slightly later feature, suggesting this chair would have been made in the late 1720s or early 1730s. For similar chairs in the Collection see FPF045, 050, 056, 059, 066 and 070. Condition Restoration to bottom of splat, back legs and stretchers. Crest rail possibly replaced. Cock-bead missing from front seat rail. Drop-in seat re-covered in the 20th century. Materials Walnut, solid and veneer, with marquetry probably in ebony and holly. Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 114 W. 56 D. 56 Parker Numbers Painted under seat rail: 58/3727. Plastic label inside seat rail: OM 3727. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons pre-1914, from Adamson for £2.5.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antiques Collectors’ Club, 2009, p.157, Plate 4:24; for the Thomas Phill chairs see p.152, plate 4:12. For the Chinese influence see Craig Clunas, Chinese Furniture, V&A Publications, 1997. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF058 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with marquetry splat and drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1735 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with ‘bended’ back and baluster shaped marquetry splat, cabriole legs and a drop-in upholstered seat.