19 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ed63793cbeb2e3464e8ca94ca41d0bfb.jpg df007469744af39ba1872c9463107e0b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a9da113c43fbc3325931742d36156551.jpg 450a78ae6fba3f2a7eb701bd35916237 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e9234d2fc31ce006078fc8ed06133fba.jpg db37ffc12d11a19455cd49339281dc85 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2f39ec195556d096a176e6cabb34b2b9.jpg 89366f2dcdce06deb79af3becfb69b01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/86ff5572343fa1f8b169eabb0d47f38d.jpg bccaf2d882eb2c5e9161f8fdec821a4f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2bb0517c2bf2ec935c428f7343dd607d.jpg 201617c94a63a6f5f7953fac49f15abd Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a concave crest rail which is raised and scrolled in the centre, above curved back posts and central baluster splat. The splat is veneered and inlaid with chevron stringing around the edge in contrasting light and dark woods, possibly holly and ebony, and a star-shaped motif in the centre. The splat fits into a shoe on the rear seat rail, which is unusually deep. The back legs are squared cabriole in form. The seat rails are narrowed between the legs to give an appearance of lightness; they are beech, veneered in cross-banded walnut, with a strip along the top edges to retain the drop-in upholstered seat and a cock-bead moulding to the lower edges. The front legs are squared cabriole, ending in spade feet. There is an H-stretcher with wavy, squared and moulded sides, while the medial stretcher is asymmetric, flat and curved.<br /><br />Chairs with serpentine backs were referred to in the early 18th century as either ‘India back’ or ‘bended back’. The earliest documented chairs with this feature are at Canons Ashby, recorded in 1717 (Bowett, 2009). The curved back was a remarkable feature when it was introduced, because up to this point English chairs had straight backs, either upright or raked at a slight angle. The shape was copied from Chinese chairs, imported by the East India Company, hence the term ‘India back’.<br /><br />The cabriole legs were described at the time as either ‘French’ or ‘claw’ feet. Another set of chairs at Canons Ashby, made by Thomas Phill in 1717, are the earliest documented English chairs with this form of leg (ibid). However, the baluster splat is a slightly later feature, suggesting this chair would have been made in the late 1720s or early 1730s. <br /><br />For similar chairs in the Collection see FPF045, 050, 056, 059, 066 and 070. Condition Restoration to bottom of splat, back legs and stretchers. <br />Crest rail possibly replaced. <br />Cock-bead missing from front seat rail.<br />Drop-in seat re-covered in the 20th century. Materials Walnut, solid and veneer, with marquetry probably in ebony and holly.<br />Beech.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 114<br />W. 56<br />D. 56 Parker Numbers Painted under seat rail: 58/3727.<br />Plastic label inside seat rail: OM 3727. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons pre-1914, from Adamson for £2.5.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antiques Collectors’ Club, 2009, p.157, Plate 4:24; for the Thomas Phill chairs see p.152, plate 4:12.<br />For the Chinese influence see Craig Clunas, Chinese Furniture, V&amp;A Publications, 1997. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF058 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with marquetry splat and drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1735 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with ‘bended’ back and baluster shaped marquetry splat, cabriole legs and a drop-in upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3a1802cececb4c8723531495b55e19d3.jpg d13309282350b051d3c9866a58965885 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/159bb3f90447848a35443f0fd01b80f4.jpg 57bdee01fb7a580d98a10d401abd849b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f44d44c206eb9622a5d8873219e89172.jpg bead8f1e01ec995664773dbbeeea7c80 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ccf86e3ef4d97d5174d3dfe65d808fd6.jpg eb716c831199fa6ef9c3dd96ef1fc01e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/adfb45084f8d143e83a624504d5a64b1.jpg 3d3963e3fd85f410c0294ca754c365e7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ca10d50c4b00ac414dcbae9c3724e6ca.jpg df49c4b6d0f988ef7842be6a1a500495 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a tall back, curved in both planes, with an undulating crest rail joining turned back posts. The solid baluster-shaped splat has a pierced diamond-form motif at the top and is tenoned into a raised ‘shoe’ on the rear seat-rail. The beech seat-rails are walnut-veneered with the top edges formed of moulded cross-grain walnut; the rails are shaped along the lower edges to lighten the appearance of the chair. The drop-in seat with tapering sides has been upholstered with a 20th century woven tapestry. The chair has cabriole front legs with shaped ears and ‘C’ scroll carving at the edges, terminating in pad feet. The flared back legs are turned, with square-sectioned blocks at the joints and heels. The legs are joined by a turned ‘H’-form stretcher with blocks, and by a higher, turned back rail.<br /><br />This form of chair was commonly known as an ‘India back’ chair in the 18th century. With its distinctive curved splat, turned upright posts and crest rail resembling a milkmaid’s yoke, this term was a reference to Chinese chairs on which they were based – the term ‘India’ encompassing the whole of South and South-east Asia. The chair-type was also sometimes called a ‘bended’, ‘crook’d’ or ‘sweep’ back chair in contemporary sources. The introduction of the ‘India back’ is considered ‘the most radical and far-reaching design innovation of the eighteenth century’ (Bowett, 2009).<br /><br />The reverse-curved or cabriole leg is an innovation that ‘more than any other characterised early Georgian chair design’ (ibid.). Although it has been suggested that the precursor for the cabriole leg is found on Chinese k’ang tables. The form probably reached England via France; engravings by Pierre Le Pautre (c. 1659-1744) and André-Charles Boulle (1642-1732) incorporated cabriole legs on different types of furniture (ibid.). The earliest documented example of English cabriole leg chairs to survive is a set of six chairs (together with a sofa and firescreen) at Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire, the chairs supplied in 1715 by Thomas Phill (d. 1727) (ibid.; NT 494468).<br /><br />The present chair can be compared to another in the Frederick Parker Collection, see FPF045, which is illustrated in Bowett, 2009. Condition The seat frame is replaced and the upholstery is later.<br />A piece of the seat-rail moulding is missing.<br />The front legs have been replaced below the knee – prior to Frederick Parker.<br />Both back legs are tipped.<br />Right hand stretcher and cross stretcher are replaced.<br />This chair is a good example of early restoration. Materials Walnut and walnut veneer. <br />Beech.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 <br />W. 59 <br />D. 55 Marks Marked ‘VII’ suggesting that this chair was part of a larger set of chairs. Parker Numbers OM 2246. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 145. Provenance In the collection prior to 1985. Note in folder: ‘New purchase London GH-U’ Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1714-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 150-151, 156, 163, Plates 4:37-4:38.<br />A related chair with similar back legs and stretcher is in the collection of the National Trust at Trerice, Cornwall (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/336836">NT 336836</a>). <br />Another close example is in the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, London (<a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O119026/chair-unknown/">W.49:2-1981</a>). <br />For the Canons Ashby chairs, see: <a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/494468">Untitled 494468 | National Trust collections</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF059 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with upholstered drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1715-1720 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with baluster-shaped back splat and upholstered drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1c60a1714aed10de011050867003d3f2.jpg 680219da191eb87f1f45a609f4187dd3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d7b1d921fc8a99d3de373da02601318e.jpg 61a33907b19d20b42ed0d8a941c28767 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/363ec7f08597a6ed106519a60ed56792.jpg 2baa4bd43d74e2a76e78963d8e2ba777 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c9cfea4992ce3136e11f0e59543cb629.jpg 65bfa36784e830f779f932dd31027c1c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/91e78418f124685a419c7431621979ec.jpg 320736ba3b04069ec9c5af2d69d312ee https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4d82fd164b3acb60b24c7662a03a774f.jpg a00913de46237cbb364d637e74137e19 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut armchair has an upholstered arched back and a ‘compass’ (meaning curved or rounded) drop-in seat set within veneered seat rails. The shepherd’s crook arms terminate in unusual cabochon ovals at the joints with the seat rails. The cabriole front legs have carved shells on the knees and C-scrolls to the top edges, and terminate in ball and claw feet. The back legs are square in section and are flared. The back has 18th century webbing and hessian, while the seat has 19th century webbing; the chair cover is a modern tapestry. <br /><br />This chair has undergone significant alterations. The back, which originally was almost certainly rectangular and higher, has been cut down and re-shaped, partly to fit the arms, which appear to be from another chair. The back is now out of proportion and the chair has the appearance of being heavy and squat. Condition Significant alterations to the back. <br />The arms might be from another chair. <br />One arm support restored. <br />The back legs built up. <br />20th century covers. Materials Walnut (solid and veneer).<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 91<br />W. 66<br />D. 61 Parker Numbers 1745. 3245. Provenance Purchased by Frederik Parker &amp; Sons pre-1912 from Clifford; valued at £9.0.0 Notes For comparable chairs of this period see Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, for example p.176, Plate 4:65, and pp.182-3, Plates 4.76 and 4.81. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF072 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered armchair with shepherd’s crook arms. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1735-1745 and later. Description An account of the resource An upholstered walnut armchair with shepherd’s crook arms, ‘compass’ seat and cabriole front legs with ball and claw feet. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2d494f40c3ed2b79ac5e13c6d21fe94a.jpg b953277c0d2ffdaecfe4c3a40f1aaebe https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5a4c2050b994562c58438f66a0eafbc7.jpg 6758f8ce8a55e808649ea8a23c4ea07f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a67efcc1edeb97920e591af5da077124.jpg 241c119f0a1a786f83fd971fbee16a14 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/177a169a7429d8b688754ddd48e273e2.jpg 99300f160662063720cbe8bba95bfebc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7aef13e8dce1825c8dba206f1ad6c17b.jpg 9f0f562ca69027bc15b6a6b7d30eeb5b Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut upholstered armchair has a high rectangular back with a scrolled top, and curved padded arms with ring-turned walnut arm supports. The upholstered seat is raised on short ring-turned walnut legs at the front with brass-beaded caps and castors, and square-section slightly raked legs at the back with brass castors. The chair has been re-upholstered, with buttoning in the back and seat. The cover is 20th century. The inside of the left back leg is stamped ‘Holland &amp; Sons’.<br /><br />Holland &amp; Sons was one of the largest and most prestigious London cabinet- and chair-making firms of the 19th century. By the 1870s, the firm had exhibited furniture and won prizes in most of the important international exhibitions including: the 1851 Great Exhibition, London; the 1855 Paris Exhibition; the 1862 London International Exhibition and the Paris 1878 Exhibition. By the mid-19th century, they were supplying furniture to the Royal family, the aristocracy and institutions like the Army &amp; Navy Club and The Athenaeum Club. The Holland archive is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum.<br /><br />A similar chair to this was illustrated in the C. &amp; R. Light 1881 trade catalogue, Cabinet Furniture: Designs and Catalogue of Cabinet and Upholstery Furniture, Looking Glasses, etc. (Joy, 1994). C. &amp; R. Light were one of the largest wholesale manufacturers in London, supplying furniture retailers across the country. Condition Front right leg has a small split.<br />Back legs have scratches and scuffs.<br />The chair was re-covered in 1983. Materials American walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 79<br />W. 69<br />D. 97 Marks Stamped ‘Holland & Sons’ on left back leg. Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, rev. ed. 1994, pp. xlii, 163.<br />See also: P. Kirkham, R. Mace and J. Porter, Furnishing the World, The East London Furniture Trade 1830-1980, Journeyman Press, 1987. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF361 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870-1900 Description An account of the resource Walnut upholstered armchair. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/af807a4ee729dfc679436411305c670e.jpg 24a9c24201f84c5fd5854bd0463f64ce https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d716cf97e38f491600809b62fa2b54b0.jpg 0f417d217b83f46c7aad3deb9322c6e4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/874148b330e687b201560eb81087739e.jpg dd534c18631249e014eeebecf8fbc612 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c0ae202633717db219d8f4aeb1643816.jpg c8bc2750b88ee6992de174ddd5cc0bd1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3408729a309453c45af2867661c67ef6.jpg 5b1e0493400b0d96386534c2b80e6390 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dcca87ffd276072310aa2df4b1d2df24.jpg 66ef288806c6b64fd610d29b9872b784 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut open armchair has a horseshoe-shaped upholstered back in a moulded and carved frame, continuous with the back legs. The arms have upholstered pads and leaf carving with ball terminals, meeting down-swept supports moulded and carved with husk pendants. They join blocks at the tops of the front legs. The tapered and bow-fronted seat rail is similarly carved with husks and a knot, supporting a stuff-over seat. The chair is raised on ring-turned, reeded and inverted baluster legs with turned feet at the front. The back legs are similarly turned and raked. The upholstery and close-nailed tan leather cover are mid-20th century replacements.<br /><br />The chair was made in around 1900 as a reproduction of a late-18th century style, possibly after a drawing, c. 1770-75, by John Linnell (1729-96) in the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, London (Hayward, Kirkham, 1980). Frederick Parker &amp; Sons used it as the model for a set of chairs for the Cunard liner, the SS Franconia, in 1923. Interior designers employed by Cunard were generally seeking furniture made in traditional styles; for example, for the First Class Smoking Rooms of the Franconia and her sister ship, the Laconia, the Cunard drawings specified furniture derived from Percy MacQuoid’s A History of English Furniture (1904-08) (Bland, 1995). <br /><br />In the summer months, the Franconia sailed between Liverpool and New York, and in the winter was used for world cruises, until September 1939 when she was requisitioned as a troopship and refitted in Liverpool. Condition Re-upholstered in the 20th century. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 91 <br />W. 58<br />D. 64 Parker Numbers Plastic label inside seat rail: ‘OM 2074’. <br />Painted inside seat rail: ‘268/2074’.<br />Associated number: 2490. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons in 1913 for £6.10.0. Notes H. Hayward, P. Kirkham, William and John Linnell, London, 1980, Vol. II, p. 45, fig. 87.<br />S. Bland, Take a Seat: The Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, 1995, p. 55. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF375 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered open armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910 Description An account of the resource Walnut upholstered open armchair with horseshoe back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c3c3c8dde6b57d9daf5bb336c0239d4b.jpg 06c64babaae63ffb374824eb57e4387f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9e205e0c3af09fd7ed01d82c96b6fa6c.jpg 32bf46606051100910341d0838a28ada https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2d83cf3b6187c2e0ff55810b2b41fd3d.jpg 9daeeb4a4147a7d741e800483d638700 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5e1900ee3b8b52261dca5813a19d0431.jpg fa66c2b9d2f4664fcaac5fd5d6f5773b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4f029457338ae73ab901d61626ed3d0c.jpg beebed6275827cb43c209fd366da1e96 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/47ee3e452ab4777b238361678c67aecb.jpg 5d2486d84b5d2f9449636cb8436bc3cb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ee3626feaafde0e9ff2a7d35f30b187d.jpg ad7aabe1b979899b2726ad08698d630d Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a rectangular padded back with rounded corners and a deep stuff-over seat. The front legs are cabriole with shaped ears and ‘C’ scroll carving at the edges, which terminate in pad feet. The back legs are plain, cabriole and flared, and terminate in pad feet. The chair has been altered in the 1930s to fit steel springs in the seat, with a loose cushion, and is covered in a 20th century red velvet damask with yellow fringe trimming. The back has a vertical strip of 19th century and possibly earlier hessian.<br /><br />This is a good quality chair of its type, but its proportions and appearance were altered considerably in the 1930s by fitting the Parker Knoll tension springs to the seat. These tension springs were an innovation in upholstery, first introduced in 1932 and became a very successful for the company. This was clearly an attempt to fit them into an antique chair as a model for reproductions. The result is a much thicker seat than the original, and a heavier-looking chair, but presumably more comfortable.<br /><br />In the 1720s, this type of upholstered chair was supplied in sets to furnish state rooms; for example, a set of six walnut chairs with original crimson damask upholstery, now in the Salon at Erddig, is probably that recorded in the 1726 inventory in the ‘Second Best Bed Chamber’. Another, more elaborate set at Erdigg is the suite of eight chairs and a settee with silvered frames and crimson cut-velvet covers recorded in the Withdrawing Room in 1726 (Bowett, 2009). Condition Cut-outs in the front and rear seat-rail for a later fitted girth rail, now missing.<br />Corner braces under the seat are replaced. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery.<br />Steel. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 104 <br />W. 58<br />D. 64 Parker Numbers 128, 1343 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons before 1914 when valued at £1.17.6. Notes A. Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1714-1740, Woodbridge, 2009, pp. 165-168, Plates 4:42 to 4:49 inc.<br /><a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/434850">Untitled 434850 | National Trust collections</a><br /><br />For comparable chairs at Ham House, see: C. Gilbert, P. Thornton, The Furnishing and Decoration of Ham House, Furniture History, Vol. 16, 1980, Figs. 154-156.<br />See also G. Beard &amp; N. Goodison, English Furniture 1500-1840, Phaidon, 1987, p. 97, fig. 5 by William Hallett, c. 1735 and fig. 7 at Warwick Castle. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF054 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered side chair Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1725-1730 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with cabriole legs, fitted with Parker Knoll upholstery. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9394eb7f1c92d944113cc955ff614f33.jpg c7cc8c8e771bf5040182e4993c778c5a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0878397a38b2e9114b2d8adb4bf1f20b.jpg fae9af0e4feec1884b74d96d5d8a06f1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/156cf1365d82b3b30d13922500beff90.jpg 396ad3128132f9878b201ff4d03d533d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dfde51f2e236ceb6e4181a2e6a724df4.jpg b4b611c9cb736e44e49f95331636303b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0befbee1b5fe3142534271f30d01c0b4.jpg 11fe6a35ba4bdbae8b237964908c4813 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6eb5ed4e096bc3afe8e48b535f48b40f.jpg 853a359c2b8c9bac91bb946543d400fc Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut chair has a caned back with a moulded arched frame, with the top of the arch dipped. The back posts rise from the back X-frame legs, which are plain, squared and shaped to match the front legs, although they terminate in simple vertical strut feet. The unusually slender arms are down-swept to meet the front supports, which are extensions of the X frame below. The front X-frame legs are moulded and curved and terminate in broken scrolls and scrolled feet. There is a turned H-form stretcher with squared blocks at the side joints. There is a further stretcher in the form of a plain dowel from front to back at the point where the X frames cross. The chair has been painted black, with later decoration in red and gold. The upholstered seat is set within the curve of the X-frame, resulting is a very deep cushion, covered in green velvet with fringing, all of which is modern and in a decayed state. The chair frame is stamped TB under the lower back rail.<br /><br />X-frame chairs are known to have been made in Ancient Egypt and Rome and they were revived in medieval times as chairs of high status. They were made as folding chairs, which allowed them to be transported easily, but this requirement had faded away by the 17th century and the frames of later chairs were fixed, as in this case. This chair appears to date from around 1700 and has survived in relatively complete and original condition, although it has undergone 19th century restoration and has been painted. It was bought by Parkers and subsequently copied for a commission from Cunard. Condition The black painted finish was probably applied in the early 19th century, and further paint in red and gold was added in the early 20th century.<br />The H-stretchers were replaced in the early 19th century.<br />The left scroll foot has been replaced.<br />The upholstery and covers were replaced in the early 20th century. <br />The cane in the back appears to be original, and is damaged. Materials Walnut.<br />Cane.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 102<br />W. 61<br />D. 58 Marks Stamped ‘TB’ under the lower back rail, presumably the maker’s initials. Parker Numbers 6142 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, 17th May 1928, after the BADA exhibition at Grafton Galleries, from Burton £45.0.0. Provenance Furness Abbey. Notes For comparable X-frame chairs see FPF026, 377 and 467. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF028 Title A name given to the resource Walnut X-frame chair with caned back and upholstered seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690-1710 Description An account of the resource A walnut X-frame chair with caned back and upholstered seat, painted black, red and gold. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ea7a73ce71063dec9b9c6e9c3cf2f302.jpg 499fbbc4a24167ade6400a2fee265078 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/028204925da2f46b982271504a830975.jpg ff236b6122b9d996bee4ef1103e10391 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/36e0982e0f3a2b231fdc670a4bdfb55a.jpg 048fcae048b7c716ba50942b53195b3e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9cddb025c8c6a18d930437a905ede6ad.jpg 33bde74f3799be8a37e65d2f224ea1c1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5f47e4317072fc6428e7834176fdeccc.jpg 3be466d039480649d54555f427362d37 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This winged armchair frame in beech with walnut legs has a tall back with a serpentine crest rail. Shaped and splayed wing sides join out-scrolled armrests with rounded tops on scrolled supports. The tapered seat rail has a bow-front. The chair is raised on cabriole legs terminating in pad feet at the front and square section raked legs and feet at the back. The seat and back are designed to be fitted with Parker Knoll tension springs, of which only two in the back are in place. As a finished chair, all the surfaces would have been upholstered leaving just the legs exposed, and there would have been upholstered cushions to fit the seat and back. <br /><br />This chair frame is the prototype for the PK140 armchair, known in the 1930s as a fireside chair and marketed by Parker Knoll as the Hartley chair. It was one of their most popular models (Bland,1965).<br /><br />The fashion for winged armchairs, first referenced in the late 16th century, remained popular into the 18th century and beyond; George Hepplewhite included a design for an ‘Easy Chair’ in The Cabinet -Maker and Upholsterer's Guide, 1794, which he described as: ‘a Saddle Check, or easy chair; the construction and use of which is apparent: they may be covered with leather, horse-hair; or have a linen case to fit over the canvas stuffing as is most usual and convenient’.<br /><br />For an early winged easy chair dating between 1690 and 1710, see FPF024. Condition Broken joint on left wing. Materials Walnut.<br />Beech. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 102 <br />W. 72<br />D. 67 Marks PK140 painted on the front rail. Parker Numbers PK140. Provenance Designed and made by Parker Knoll in the 1930s. Acquired for the Collection c.2010. Notes S. Bland, Take a Seat, The Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, p.95)<br />A. Hepplewhite and Co., The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide; or, Repository of designs for every article of household furniture, 3rd Edition, plate 15: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming: Internet Archive. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF454 Title A name given to the resource Winged armchair frame. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1940 Description An account of the resource Walnut and beech winged armchair frame, made by Parker Knoll. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c7d89457b94b09ed994873575907affa.jpg 67fd9e3e76eb4cd749e5d8d8a5b2b7b9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3dab89eb523b0ecbb2333480c90e191f.jpg 90260420947dcac344a144c7407d65dc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/997a342243a65745746147579de580a3.jpg 2e45e9c2478f26f6241d8f5fa58a6192 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/39e60ac403cbc4150ff095a2d99eab2c.jpg ac5df5a9d31df6dd403ca83c8644e6f8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/89d1b4ac082ed19db3b2a8e1c4489281.jpg dfdbe91708e0dcbfbdbd5e1d6a5121ad Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This upholstered easy chair has a beech frame with a high upholstered rectangular back and full-height slightly splayed wings on either side, with straight and flat upholstered arms which are also slightly splayed; the arms rest on diagonally set ‘horsebone’-carved supports which are continuous with the front legs, similarly shaped and carved with leaves, terminating in scrolled-under feet. The seat rails support a part-boarded bottom, possibly original, and are covered with fabric and trimming which conceals the seat frame; it is furnished with a loose cushion. The deep front stretcher is richly carved and pierced with scrolls. There is an H-form stretcher which is a replacement, with baluster turnings, squared blocks at the back and side joints, and round blocks at the front joints; these stretchers are of beech, without stain or polish. The back legs are square section and raked. The exposed parts of the frame are ebonised, i.e., stained black to resemble ebony.<br /><br />Easy chairs were a development of so-called sleeping chairs, such as the example at Ham House, c.1678, which has a reclining back (Bowett, 2002). From around 1690, easy chairs with fixed backs and wings, or ‘cheeks’ began to be made in greater numbers, but they were clearly luxury items involving a large amount of expensive upholstery. They were the forerunners of the later so-called Queen Anne and Georgian wing armchairs which remain a popular form to this day. <br /><br />The use on this chair of diagonally set ‘horsebone’-carved legs and arm supports is comparable with an easy chair at Knole, c.1690 (Bowett, ibid), and the suggested date for the present chair is c.1690-1710, although it has been altered and restored. The arms have been replaced in elm, and it is suggested the original arms may have been curved and set rather higher, since the arm supports have been truncated. The straight and flat arms seen here conform to designs by Daniel Marot, and are seen on the easy chair in his 1703 engraving of the library at Het Loo (Bowett, ibid), so it is possible this was a reference for the replacement arms. Overall the chair is rather too narrow and it is possible it was converted from a high-back upholstered easy chair with curved wooden arms, into the present winged chair.<br /><br />Other repairs are to the front stretcher which has had one half replaced and the whole has been re-backed. The upholstery of the chair is 20th century: it is of the correct shape, however, and the red velvet cover is appropriate in style. Eyelet holes in the sacking under the seat show this was re-used bed canvas. <br /><br />The chair was copied as a reproduction piece in the 1920s and 1930s by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons and later by Parker Knoll. Condition Arms replaced in elm.<br />Front stretcher part-replaced and restored, with new back support.<br />H-form stretchers replaced.<br />Upholstery 20th century. Materials Beech with elm and oak repairs.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 124<br />W. 71<br />D. 89 Parker Numbers Cloth label sewn under the seat, inscribed 884. <br />926. 4387. <br />Parker Knoll models PK521 and PK530 were reproduced from this chair. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, May 1911, from Thornton and Smith for £11.10.0. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002, p. 95, Plate 3:47 for the Ham House chair; p.243, Plate 8:24 for the Marot engraving; and p. 251, Plate 8:41 for the Knole easy chair. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF024 Title A name given to the resource Winged easy chair with ebonised beech frame Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690-1710 Description An account of the resource Winged easy chair with ebonised beech frame, carved ‘horsebone’ legs and scroll-carved stretcher. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fefe26f72cc5eb44c23138532864c308.jpg d9c5c95fca561fbdb874bd44bb5d1800 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a3ac1ba1f59d2fadc655bd10ccfb9192.jpg 813f5f147f091997fb60e5f504cb7339 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ff7166bb6d0216fe0d3c63082ac31907.jpg a7a7e5ff01043e4ec1581ff791b9f760 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9b0029f6246d8803decb22154214c62d.jpg b75cbb6f3929129ccea1127bd31cb435 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0facb69ab0c5008b4b8779e046d7da75.jpg 8424c5058b03e590b844efdbce7fbe9f Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description Although this appears at first sight to be a 16th or 17th century chair, it is a 19th century reproduction; the only period elements are the carved walnut arms which are late 17th century and probably Continental. <br /><br />The chair has an arch-shaped, fully upholstered back, with the top of the arch dipped. The back-cloth is partially torn, exposing part of the frame, which appears to be beech. The back posts extend from the tops of the X-frame, and where they are exposed below the line of the upholstered back they are stained to resemble walnut. The 17th century arms are down-swept and end in full scrolls; they are finely carved with acanthus leaves at the shoulders and towards the front, each with a beaded channel along the top. The front X-frame is similarly carved with acanthus leaves and beading and ends in scrolled feet matching the arms; the upper and lower sections of the frame meet with a large carved roundel. The back frame is simpler, with plain squared elements, and the frames are joined with an H-stretcher turned with balusters and rings, and with squared blocks at the side joints. There is also a plain turned dowel running from front to back below the seat to provide additional support to the frame. The stuff-over seat is fitted across the frame and has a loose deep cushion. The cover is faded gold velvet with braided trimming and fringing, probably early 20th century.<br /><br />X-framed chairs derive from antiquity; in their Roman form they are known as ‘curule’ chairs and were always associated with high status. They were revived in the Renaissance period for heads of church and state, referred to as ‘Savonarola’ chairs in Northern Italy. In their early form they were made to fold, which made them easier to transport as their owners travelled across their areas of jurisdiction. Authentic early chairs are rare (Beard, 1997, Bowett, 2002 and Chinnery, 1995), but reproductions became popular as part of the Romantic movement in the early 19th century. This example combines a medieval form with late 17th-century arms and a type of stretcher which echoes those of English chairs from 1690-1720. The arms would probably have been from a high-back upholstered armchair of around 1680, not unlike that illustrated in Bowett, p.105.<br /><br />The chair was bought by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons in Rouen in 1926, when it was probably thought to be a genuine 17th century chair. Parkers made a replica of it in c.1935 which is now in the collection, see FPF377. See also FPF028 and 467 for further examples of X-frame chairs. Materials Walnut.<br />Beech.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 100<br />W. 61 <br />D. 62 Parker Numbers Painted inside seat rail 26/6275/3244. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, 1926, in Rouen, France, for 250 Francs Notes Geoffrey Beard, Upholsterers and Interior Furnishing in England, 1530-1840, Yale, 1997, pp.68-80.<br />Victor Chinnery, Oak Furniture, The British Tradition, Antique Collectors’ Club, 1997, pp. 126-8<br />Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, p.68 and p.105, Plate 3:61. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF026 Title A name given to the resource X-framed walnut armchair with upholstered back and seat cushion. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840-1860, with 17th century arms. Description An account of the resource X-framed walnut armchair with upholstered back and seat cushion, 19th century reproduction with 17th century arms.