18 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4b5890391f28789121d47f8044f1ce75.jpg 2dab3df951406c0cc8d26dec1e34bb3b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ab4acd7a40a902d70fd481ed8844adf1.jpg 7989cf7929502063cf08b9fc96fbac3d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4eb42f9feb63b5876b39d3f63df2ab8e.jpg 65c1670b5182d0c998a2a90c7852f334 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ca76f76e10a9682c149e80e281e0db1e.jpg c0285cdc25b4735bc4a2c12d1d7bb1d6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d89e80e97c565271c86ab9a066256b6d.jpg 0352c57340daff5eb9246a06ee5ffe20 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/05c02665ac32f4c80aba7a4931f341ec.jpg 1a2ffe577bdbc188d6a70da119c3d529 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f628780a91f9c86ad3bf18e7ee393594.jpg d080b16c774e309508e2359e1a977280 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/247204c38a06c1a044b9547a08fc19b7.jpg 319fb79bd0f92d7931d8212f10263660 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has an undulating crest rail with rounded corners, meeting moulded, waisted and tapering back posts. The pierced splat is gently splayed towards the top and formed into four bars, the three piercings having gothic arches at the top and bottom. The splat fits into a ‘shoe’on the rear seat rail. The seat rail is waisted towards the back and curved, or compassed, at the front, and is veneered with cross-banded walnut. The drop-in seat is covered in a flowered silk damask material, now in poor condition. The front legs are cabriole with a boldly carved scallop shell on the knee and scroll-shaped ears, terminating in trifid feet. The back legs, which are continuous with the back posts, are cabriole, flared and have squared feet.<br /><br />This is a well-made chair in good original condition. It has been tentatively attributed by Christopher Gilbert to the maker, Giles Grendey (1693-1780); it is similar but not identical to a set of twelve walnut chairs, c. 1740-45, bearing Grendey's trade label (Gilbert, 1996). Another set of nine related chairs attributed to Grendey were sold at Christie's London, 6 July 2000, lot 57.<br /><br />A later version of this model but in mahogany was supplied by Gillows of Lancaster and London to William Hassell of Penrith in 1774 (Stuart, 2008). In the 1780s, Gillows modified the shape of the top rail to an arched form (ibid., p. 152, plate 100). A set of twelve mahogany chairs, probably by Gillows, is at Blickling Hall, Norfolk, formerly in the collection of Philip, 11th Marquess of Lothian (NT 354407).<br /><br />The trifid foot is a motif generally associated with Irish furniture but there is no other evidence for this in this case. Condition Later corner blocks on the seat rails Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 56<br />W. 94 <br />D. 56 Marks Incised ‘II’ on the front of the seat rail indicating that this chair was part of a larger set. Parker Numbers 1499 Provenance In stock prior to 1914. Value £3.10.0. Notes Christopher Gilbert, The Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, Furniture \History Society and Maney, 1996, p. 242, fig. 435.<br />Susan Stuart, Gillows: of Lancaster and London 1730-1840, Antique Collectors' Club, 2008 vol. I, pp. 151-152, plates 97, 100.<br /><a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/354407.1">Dining chair 354407.1 | National Trust collections</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF095 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1740-1750 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with pierced splat and cabriole legs, attributed to Giles Grendey. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/62a1b0883dba54b1810f7f9af5dfdcae.jpg 71a8d232201954c5f5bc2202c3e95bd2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ef3392d1f065287f65b1929668ee25f5.jpg ca8b19e2b1042cfdf9e98eff977f78a2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/41e750ca03e6ea754d7ac1bab151f7d1.jpg 6f060057018e1d4e45dc89c1dc0b2622 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/aaa0828581b5aca88ae61b186ce02f28.jpg 1f8818fb6d8f0717601891a924e41b27 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9e7ea90e464f4a9ecb743d117aff9e22.jpg 72fd0e0d26d01f5fcd41f78550a61466 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4fe95081b614897b92f0676be4da3086.jpg b660997dbcfeaca8c511a5e6b059e740 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/516f55537558253f2353afbe702c9a8f.jpg 74d05a50611076b83d085566363e8664 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/920ad7af83763a3bc83b16aa82bb3f42.jpg d6529a41de02fff190ddc521ab8a5619 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/60d0d36201c424f03a1a09f8156c7440.jpg 7296e89c5ae6fc3a78f6b537d6ed92f7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2a43f37f5df737851797e82e5acd95b1.jpg 372459e2b7262ceb7025a20928a30c8e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/bafc62091a29a83bba6e5cebceea5c1e.jpg dd1772f5f2127a0e612fa6d5e1042157 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This caned side chair is made of walnut with caned panels in the seat and back. The high ‘banister’ back is formed of turned and carved banister-style posts either side of four carved panels framing a caned centre panel. The back panels comprise the crest rail, carved with a peacock with its tail feathers fanned out, flanked by foliate scrolls, two side rails and a lower rail, similarly carved with scrolls and eagles. The back posts are turned; above the seat there are twist-turned elements with bobbin and reel turnings at the top, middle and bottom; at the junctions with the back rails there are squared blocks with each of the front faces carved with a single flower, and there are turned finials at the tops. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with squared blocks at the joints and feet. The seat is a frame with moulded edges and a central caned panel. It is joined into the back legs and rests on top of the front legs, which are fitted to the underside of the seat with dowel joints. The front legs are turned with reel and bobbin turnings at the top and carved below in the ‘horsebone’ shape with foliate carving and scrolled feet. The front stretcher is carved with scrolls and an eagle. There are H stretchers, turned with square blocks at the joints and a higher turned stretcher at the back. The chair was re-caned in 1984. <br /><br />This is a good example of a caned chair dating between 1690 and 1710. By this date the fashion for high-backed chairs was well advanced, reaching its peak by around 1720; the upright back legs here suggest an earlier date than the raked back legs which were introduced from around 1710 and offered greater stability as the height of the backs increased. The type of framed seat in this chair was introduced soon after 1700, an innovation compared with earlier caned chairs where the seat rails were mortice and tenon jointed into the four legs. And the ‘horsebone’ style for the front legs was in fashion between around 1690 and 1710 (Bowett, 2002).<br /><br />Caned chairs were introduced in the early 1660s, an innovation made possible by the import of rattan by the East India Company. They became especially popular in London as fashionable but relatively inexpensive furniture, typically being half the cost of an upholstered chair. The best of the caned chairs were made in walnut, and were finely carved and ‘fine-caned’, which meant the caning was done with thinly cut strands of cane woven in a close mesh through closely spaced holes in the frame. In this case, although the chair is walnut and richly carved, it is not of the precision and detail of the highest quality work, and the caning is quite broad and widely spaced, not the fine cane of the most expensive chairs. It would probably have been made for the relatively wealthy merchant and professional ‘middling sort’ rather than the aristocracy or Royal Household. Few caned chairs were made outside London at this period, and their manufacture was concentrated in the area around St Paul’s Cathedral (Dewing, 2008). Condition The back posts have been restored and the finials replaced. <br />When purchased the caned panels in the seat and back had been replaced with upholstery; this was removed and the caning was restored in 1984. Materials Walnut.<br />Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 122<br />W. 48<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers OM 5826 Provenance Details not recorded, but the chair was acquired for the Collection prior to 1984. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors Club, 2002. For a similar chair with peacock carvings at Montacute House, see, p.263, plate 8:63.<br />David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture Vol. XXII, 2008. <br />See also Laurie Lindey, ‘Thomas Warden (c.1660-1701) and Cane Chair-Makers in the City of London’, Furniture History, Vol. LII, 2016. The inventory of Thomas Warden, cane chair maker, records both phoenix and peacock chairs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF002 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back and peacock carving. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690-1710 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back, richly carved with scrolls, peacocks and eagles and with ‘horsebone’ front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9890726d4a8ffb8b52af90ac44f2e67d.jpg 4c8a8e20b42de5202f93309f74279c2b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a96717cdb9a1e60af95942b2ec1bc714.jpg 6221bdae5706e941a305a5c088799ed1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/89121b2c9894983f2e2f42580779857a.jpg a16ca20ba8b982351f8e1c0c9a497beb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2133cb5641d078acde9cb61feb445838.jpg 3c80d7d6433a39d08adc930b70e794f2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d2ccb7c368e5000de1216e35349caa9d.jpg afdfea786dacb15b8d56d4607748fc54 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f2073d113008d929052c9431ff2c6fb2.jpg b08160253835e2fdb764673447ae1574 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5b238506a40afec7140de60ecaafffc0.jpg bb4db9e76790d1d685ebcf7ce3e7e76f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/92193b90f9c85ed15e5303b38c7e99a5.jpg 0b865766ac433949c66a90d88f12c3d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/12cfa5ee9da1919e25a38964a607879a.jpg b6628f69de88ea8ab50095b02b020f23 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A walnut side chair with caned seat and back, the back posts of turned banister form with finials and the back comprised of panels and a crest rail carved and pierced with scrolled acanthus leaves and a crown at the centre of each. The back is raked slightly, and the back legs, which are continuous with the posts, are turned and have flared heels to add stability. The seat rails are carved with leaves and are morticed into the legs. The front legs are turned at the top and double scrolled below, the upper scroll shaped in an early form of ‘horsebone’; there are turned button feet. The legs are braced with a front stretcher, carved and pierced to match the back panels, and H stretchers turned with balusters and reels with squared blocks at the joints, and a higher rear stretcher, also turned. The seat and back are caned.<br /><br />This chair is not quite what it seems. The carved back panels and crest rail are original and would have been from a chair made between between 1685 and 1700. The rest of the chair is a skilful reproduction, carried out within the workshops of Frederick Parker &amp; Sons in the 1930s. The chair was purchased by Parkers in 1930 and it seems likely it was in poor condition and required partial reconstruction; the newer turning and carving is well balanced and consistent with the style of the original parts in the back. The new work has been distressed and stained in an attempt to blend it in with the earlier pieces. <br /><br />Double scrolls and crowns first appear on English chairs in the mid-1680s and were popular until around 1700. ‘Banister’ back posts, so called because they look rather like banisters from a staircase, were introduced in around 1690, replacing the earlier fashion for twist turning. The front legs are of a double scroll form with a slight emphasis to the top scroll on each leg; this is an early form of what became known as the ‘horsebone’ scroll, which had a very pronounced reverse cut to the top scroll. The ‘horsebone’ leg first appeared on chairs in the late 1680s (Bowett, 2002). <br /><br />Caned chairs, and indeed upholstered chairs, went through a series of quite distinct design changes during a period of 60 years, from around 1665 to 1725. The making of these chairs in England was concentrated in London, mainly in and around St Paul’s Cathedral. Many were made for the Royal Household, as evidenced in the royal accounts, but the great majority were made for the increasingly fashion-conscious merchants and tradesmen, not just in London but across the country and abroad, in New England and on the Continent. They are listed in the inventories and wills of such people, indicating that they were frequently bought in sets; often sets of 12 chairs are mentioned. In many instances the documents show that caned chairs were used with cushions, or ‘squabs’ (Dewing, 2008).<br /><br />For a comparable chair in the Collection see FPF013. Condition The back panels and crest rail are original; the rest of the chair is a reproduction made by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons in the 1930s. Materials Walnut.<br />Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 114<br />W. 51<br />D. 51 Parker Numbers Marked on rear seat rail: U 1905. 12/3788 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, 1930, cost £8.17.6. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002. For a chair with similar carving in the back panels see p. 99, Plate 3:53.<br />See also David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture, Vol. XXII, 2008. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF012 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1680-1700 and later Description An account of the resource A caned side chair in walnut with turned banister back posts, the back panels, crest rail and front stretcher carved with acanthus scrolls and crowns. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/faf58874aa703eebe353febd5d57a4be.jpg f41b30c5b4839b721d528b6cd5bf0728 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7dbfea19f93cd1be29fa682a560c291a.jpg be5c4c2417b7f36b46dbc05ba839e61f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/650fad2824d3637948a9cc4c08c88fc4.jpg 00804c61e46bdb3e25b09b13719650ff https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/82cb96d22acbae3dffd3b2973ea3aed4.jpg 851bd02c9d5ffdf30adb74df8277c013 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7869d69fd75c7fd09a5c42f2ded8b18d.jpg 5a15c50cc89a9f3ee3b456b5aac348ed https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/23618ed0914fff8b9589e39edb1f45ee.jpg fdfc56c00ead2bc2a15c33d59084d4c8 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has back panels and front stretcher all elaborately carved and pierced with leaves and flowers. The back posts are twist-turned with squared and carved blocks at the joints, and have turned and carved acorn finials. The back is raked from the seat up and has two panels of canework. The slightly tapered seat has foliate carved square-section rails and is caned. The rails are tenoned into the front legs, which have pear-shaped turnings and squared blocks at the joints carved with a patera, and end in ball-turned feet. The back legs are of similar form. There are H-form turned stretchers with squared blocks at the joints; above these the front stretcher is a carved panel matching those in the back; and there is a turned back stretcher. <br /><br />The form of carving on this chair was described in contemporary accounts as ‘cutt’ or ‘wrought with ‘scrowles’ and was introduced in around 1675 (Bowett 2002). Twist-turning was by this time frequently used by London joiners as an embellishment for furniture and stair banisters, having been introduced in around 1670. Walnut had become the preferred timber for quality furniture, replacing oak. In this chair the canework is what was referred to as ‘fine’, meaning the cane is split very thinly and woven through closely spaced holes, resulting in a fine mesh. It required more skill and more time and was therefore more expensive. Here, the cane in the back panels appears original, while that in the seat has been replaced.<br /><br />This is a good example of its type, with few repairs and restorations. The different parts of these chairs were batch-produced by specialist turners, carvers and others, brought together by a joiner and passed to the basket-maker for caning. The workmanship shows great skill but little finesse; no time was wasted on work which would not be seen or was not essential. Chairs like this were aimed at the middling classes and their prices had to be competitive (Dewing, 2008). Condition The chair is in good original condition, with original cane in the back.<br />Replaced caning to seat. <br />Repairs particularly to the top and lower panels in the back.<br />Old woodworm damage in the front seat rail. Materials Walnut. <br />Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 117<br />W. 51<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers Marked 13/4614.<br />3031. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, February 15th 1919, for £9.0.0 from Warings. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 88-91.<br />David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture, Vol XXII, 2008. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF013 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and double panelled caned back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1675-1690 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair carved with leaves and flowers, double panelled caned back and caned seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cdc75385a8e6a7ebf19228898b9b4adc.jpg 185dfdc53bb6f9ea47484b359e288aa4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6a917020ca879db88cf11d66c9c85833.jpg 9c647267906ab31793a618862d278963 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8de1f67017eda272a7c6576ed1007b5e.jpg 9cd0be085c82e5be6dca9e7b21d97ec9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/75abd14c90d1dfe96188efefeca9cb56.jpg 9f553bdf93bd7419865cecccd71107ae https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ac3d3eab8df8df2c94bdd233fd26b63b.jpg ce0c635a5467f7e12d135e0876b3d924 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e0502798b9e10e641a7d5b8f5e6eec18.jpg c26ca86846848b30d4d35ebcd5cf6243 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8eb0bb81c1a00871fa790ee08a9036e7.jpg ba792ddca49f6b60b7fe3330a0ad2e60 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/36b7ff08ecb11bc595f48465964e576e.jpg 21ad32eaa741d1d5b8b88f12dfbacc39 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c1a723f7f98a759ac97b33c8138288bc.jpg bc709a88d2d9c06618242dd3e5a904f5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2f22405d4660e59f01cc41e4814e0b13.jpg 11afb91c57a677873427c1396dad582a Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This carved walnut side chair has an early 18th century back splat and crest rail, whereas the rest of the chair was made in the Frederick Parker workshop in the early 20th century. It has a ‘bended back’, or ‘India back’, derived from Chinese chairs imported by the East India Company, with moulded and waisted back posts. The seat is upholstered with a modern cover. The front legs are cabrioles ending in ‘pieds de biche’, ie., feet carved in the form of deer hooves. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with blocked heels. There is an H-form way stretcher with the cross stretcher set forward, arched and carved with scrolls and leaves. Much of the design is in the French style and such chairs are often referred to in the antiques trade as in the style of Daniel Marot, the French architect and designer to William III. <br /><br />The chair was made by Frederick Parker and Sons in the early 20th century, using the period splat and crest. The design is attributed to Walter Ferry, who was employed by Parkers from 1913 to 1941; his expertise in antiques and design made a significant contribution to the success of the company in the first half of the 20th century (Bland, 1995).<br /><br />In their original form, chairs of this type would have been expensive; the bended back requires more wood than a chair with a straight back, and the extent of shaping and carving involved in every element indicates significant time and skill in the making. The back splat and crest rail resemble those in a set of chairs at Hampton Court, c.1725 (Bowett, 2009). Bowett considers the Hampton Court chairs might originally have had caned or rush seats because the lower rail in the back is set at a height which appears too low for upholstery; the chairs were fitted with new seat rails in the 19th century, and the upholstery could have been added then. Condition The splat and crest rail are early 18th century, the rest of the chair is early 20th century. The seat cover was fitted in the 1930s. <br />There are two holes in the back of the splat, now filled, which might indicate that at some stage it was hung up in a workshop as a pattern. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 117<br />W. 56<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers 6266 Provenance Made by Frederick Parker &amp; Son, c.1915. Notes Stephen Bland, Take a Seat, The Story of Parker Knoll, 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, pp.41-2. <br />For the comparable Hampton Court chairs see Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1730, Antiques Collectors Club, 2009, p.164, Plate 4:40.<br />For a similar chair see Peter Brown, The Noel Terry Collection, The York Civic Trust, 1987, p. 47. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF041 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with carved splat and upholstered seat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-1920, the splat and crest 1720-1730 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with a carved back splat and crest rail, cabriole front legs and upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/430ff764ab6f9107b402ec901de654eb.jpg fd76b221d277d3e6b219d7563139c38f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/609f714f5d54e42bed083664439d61fc.jpg 12e9d39d1226c92e09d255b91a85704d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/692ee93ff336d1101ab04d2247654e82.jpg f7da75ec28eef7ddac9f12e848237c76 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ad3773fd5a0ed3ed639dda509d910b8f.jpg 972507ae54a26b6358e6f9f5640c5a4c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/df95f2bf2114afe972822bfae963c81e.jpg 33d1c6cbd8465b176fec1268c413c7e0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/12c309ca161ac88ab27c1ca596c4c0e3.jpg 40991c2c069be7fb660b73534737c1d4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a caned seat and double panel caned back. The back posts, centre splat and lower rail are moulded and carved with leaf work and husk festoons, surmounted by a carved and pierced double-arch crest with scrolls and leaf-work, enclosing two fine-caned panels. The tapered seat has moulded rails and is caned, with shaped aprons to the front and sides. The front legs are cabriole with scrolled ears and pad feet. The raked back legs are turned with squared blocks at the joints and flared heels. There is a turned H-form stretcher with blocks at the joints and a higher turned back stretcher.<br /><br />The chair has had a number of repairs and restorations which make it somewhat difficult to date. It is comparable with a chair illustrated by Bowett (2009, p.158, Plate 4.29) which is more elaborate but has the same features of a double caned back, carved crest, cabriole front legs, profiled aprons and raked back legs; however it also has a high ‘bended’ back, whereas in the case of FPF040 the back is flat and unusually short. For another bended back chair with cabriole legs, see FPF046.<br /><br />Chair designs at this period were rapidly evolving and some makers were quicker at adopting new styles than others. In this chair, the back legs are rather more raked than is necessary for the height of the back, and by this time some makers were dispensing with stretchers when the chair had cabriole legs. In terms of proportions, the back is unusually short for the rest of the chair and the steeply raked back legs suggest the chair might originally have had a taller back; however the back does not appear to have been cut down. Condition The front seat rail has been replaced.<br />The side aprons are replaced.<br />The right front leg is replaced, now with woodworm damage to the foot.<br />The left back leg has been repaired, with a spliced replacement.<br />The right back leg is possibly replaced. Materials Walnut.<br />Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 105<br />W. 48<br />D. 53 Parker Numbers 5159. 3085. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons, 6th May 1918, from Sinclair Belfort, for £5.0.0 Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture,1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2009, p.158, Plate 4:29. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF040 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with double panel caned back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and double panel caned back, with cabriole front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7a66704741e6635c7714c67f3068d02a.jpg 56fe118c7f632fe9eced139cd0d21f97 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/848963e958af358651a61e08113411d1.jpg 9262f05a431fe7f76246d56c2930af50 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1afd4a982cb96c851d673a23cb92cc0e.jpg f00abd0dc74d461d96786c6456978496 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e57d597686a4b91038dafdea6bf077cc.jpg 72d810c9b4afe395cb3d0e60746c767e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/96c895d6b1a0ce386d6da68475909496.jpg 6508cf5e96b1840e721af64e1513ec97 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9bcdd0f42aa097b65c41fa94ff0ee9f9.jpg 1820c2b49067380f1bca2c30abd30d5c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4d43836df851ea1a2b8644b337304416.jpg 7ed27d9d0cd5f1bf14b95d7200182ee3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5a28b3e7fdb600126244deae95533153.jpg 8d85f018bed488fa31f3ab833b774d04 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0d94e72904c8a38c78b3745a322ba4d6.jpg 56bcd9ebd86c7c4bdc4f87c696441248 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0f5d194141a3219b8be78a4a14637fdc.jpg 10e3a12d1ad67eca83bfbabf57b1d97f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2916fb141b7e0be1d50b44ec07018ef8.jpg 45535b26032675824e803661d7722546 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut chair has a curved crest rail with a raised scroll in the centre, above serpentine back posts and a central splat, which is of baluster form with a pierced vase-shape at the top. The splat is inlaid with a marquetry cartouche, and is fitted to a shoe resting on the rear seat rail. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with squared blocks at the seat joints and heels; the legs are raked and the heels flared. The rushed drop-in seat fits within plain moulded rails; the bottom edge of the front rail is shaped with an inverted double arch in the centre. The front legs are cabriole with moulded edges, terminating in pad feet. There is an H-stretcher, the side stretchers turned with squared blocks at the joints with the rear legs and medial stretcher, and round at the front legs; the medial stretcher is set asymmetrically and is flat and wavy. There is a higher back stretcher, also turned. The rush in the seat is old but probably not original.<br /><br />The shaped back to this walnut chair was sometimes referred to in contemporary documents as ‘India-back’ or ‘bended back’. The reference to India relates to goods imported by the East India Company and in this case the chair back is influenced by particular Chinese chairs which had similarly shaped backs. The cabriole legs are also likely to have been influenced by Chinese examples, although the term is clearly French and the form was introduced in France before transferring to England by 1720. The baluster shape of the splat is a classical form, echoing early Grecian and Roman architecture. The splat and front seat rail are decorated with marquetry; very similar marquetry may be seen on a comparable chair at Erddig (see Bowett).<br /><br />Overall this is a plain chair and the rush, or ‘matted’ drop-in seat indicates it would always have been relatively inexpensive compared to an upholstered chair, or even a chair with a caned seat. However it is well made, using walnut, which was the fashionable wood for good quality furniture at the time, and every part is skilfully shaped using a minimum of wood to create a light but strong frame. It would typically have been used as a dining chair and was no doubt supplied as one of a set. A squab cushion may have been added for comfort and to protect the rush seat. The rush seat here is unlikely to be the original, but it is old and a rare survival. Condition In very good, original condition, with few repairs or restorations.<br />The H-stretchers are replacements.<br />It has been suggested the marquetry panel may have been a later addition. <br />The rush has been replaced, perhaps in the 19th century. Materials Walnut.<br />Marquetry possibly using holly or boxwood.<br />Rush. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 107<br />W. 56<br />D. 56 Marks The back of the seat rail is stamped with the initials RR, possibly the joiner’s mark. Parker Numbers 6166 Provenance Purchased 12 September 1928 from C. Millar for £9.10.0, almost certainly Cecil Millar, antiques dealer of 30 Newman Street, London, the same street as Parkers’ showroom. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture, 1715-1740, Antique Collectors’ Club 2009, p.163, Plate 4:37, for an illustration of this chair; for the Erddig chair see p.161, Plate 4:32. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF045 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with drop-in rush seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1720-1740 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with a high curved back, baluster-shaped splat, a rush drop-in seat and cabriole front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/332a04d968fe31c591efd3cc77e26729.jpg 4f5cf3a3950f4fcdf27b21f92095d0d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9d33e2b63e459e5fc9ab7fd3f6e3aa6b.jpg 75a9adb8ce086e7115fce8973cc68798 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2752ca855544453e87d65c1d92c4b5e1.jpg f1413293e5fb7d5e3f2bc12c0ae3086e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d66bfbe6feb5ec6e22911fd0d16a4c09.jpg d43df0c086d8fef9b149b431641d250a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f104ec7d2aa05164f8195c8a5410aac4.jpg ac26b95070605dcf07fb67744ecde2f4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/abac70486ace25c21b122cdaf95d2a53.jpg ac26b95070605dcf07fb67744ecde2f4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/20f17ae6a0a644d06446f6c6d519e976.jpg 2298ded1c96e09699424b54673e544b4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a concave crest rail with deeply carved scrolls at the rounded ends, and tapering and waisted back posts which are cross-grain veneered. A solid inverted baluster splat, almost violin-shaped, joins an upholstered drop-in ‘compass’ (rounded) seat on a walnut-veneered seat-rail with a shaped front apron. The chair has cabriole front legs with carved ‘C’ scroll ears and pad feet. The back legs are turned with shaped ears and flared with pad feet. The legs are joined by a turned ‘H’-form stretcher with square blocks; the middle stretcher is wave-shaped and there is a higher turned back stretcher. The drop-in seat is covered with 20th century reproduction Genoa figured velvet.<br /><br />This type of chair was often described as a ‘banister’ or ‘pedestal’ back chair in contemporary accounts, referring to the baluster- or vase-shaped profile of its central splat. In June 1725, inventories for Cannons, Middlesex, and Chandos House, London, respectively the country and London seats of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, show that both houses had several sets of chairs with ‘banister backs’(Bowett, 2009). <br /><br />This chair has a similar waved cross-stretcher to that found on a japanned and beechwood chair illustrated in Bowett, 2009, p.158, Plate 4:29, and on a chair in the Frederick Parker Collection, FPF045, also illustrated in Bowett, 2009, p. 163, Plate 4:37. The use of stretchers in combination with cabriole legs was gradually phased out on the better quality chairs during the 1720s and 1730s. Condition Original finish stripped; now stained and varnished, obscuring the colour and grain.<br />Repairs to right hand back upright, shoe and right hand seat rail. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 <br />W. 53 <br />D. 53 Parker Numbers OM 8, pattern no. 281. See Frederick Parker Achive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 137 and 159. Provenance In stock with Frederick Parker &amp; Sons prior to 1911 when it was valued at £1.0.0. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 158, 161, 163, 177, Plates 4:29, 4:37-4:38. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF080 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with drop-in seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with a solid baluster splat and upholstered drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0986bdf63077adfaff4f094af9f8d5fd.jpg 018808902cb15f2ff9ed8a365db6f687 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5516c5b9cc5ac2f69a916842ff2992d8.jpg 6423890f1d1a261daee1885559696a01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/58e115533966fd6cb8daafbc0e3540c8.jpg 78f24b1146a84e639f3d9f106179c1f8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/18ea92c88bccabad3be719da54a239d1.jpg d56d617ad2e9911ac64b6652c8c53e0f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/823958b1204a482b81b1fa0a0d436529.jpg d95a86bd33bec9e7ce5fe752a3cd0dd6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/71a609fcf0c1ecab9a24e9608b792b6c.jpg f53c0c3cf357361083f90ecdb7314722 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This fan back chair has a concave crest rail with paper-scrolls at the centre and each corner, above a flared splat with three gothic piercings carved with tassels, flowerheads and lambrequins (drapery). The splat verticals are linked half-way up with paterae and terminate in a ‘shoe’ on the rear seat rail. The stuff-over seat is covered in a 20th century wool fabric. The chair is raised on four cabriole legs, those at the front with shaped ears carved, along with the knees, with grapes and vine leaves and terminating in claw and ball feet; the rear legs are plain and terminate in pad feet.<br /><br />This is probably an Irish chair, from its proportions and the main features in its style, execution and carving. A similar mahogany triple chair-back settee is in the National Museum of Ireland, Dublin and a related armchair was formerly with Mallett’s (The Knight of Glin, Peill, 2007).<br /><br />The fan back derives from William Kent’s drawings for flared back chairs and benches of the late 1720s and early 1730s, the earliest documented example being a set of chairs and two settees supplied by John Willis of St. Paul’s Churchyard to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1745. The paper-scrolled crest rail is taken from Italian models adapted by Kent, seen in examples at Badminton House and Houghton Hall. Elements of Kent’s designs achieved widespread popularity, albeit in a diluted form, and the fan-back chair continued to be fashionable through much of the 18th century (Bowett, 2009).<br /><br />The inclusion of rear cabriole legs as opposed to the more common plain back legs would have incurred additional expense, and shows this is a high quality chair. Condition The scrolls in the crest rail have been replaced.<br />There are repairs to the back posts showing the chair once had arms, which would also have been fixed to the seat rail, although the seat rails are now replaced.<br />Three seat rails and the shoe are replaced.<br />The feet are cut down.<br />Upholstery is 20th century. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 97 <br />W. 61 <br />D. 64 Parker Numbers 4398. 4974. OM 5995. See Frederick Parker Archive, Box 55, Ms. FPA050, page 124. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker &amp; Sons from Cecil Millar for £24.20.0. Notes The Knight of Glin, J. Peill, Irish Furniture, Yale, 2007, p. 209, figs. 18-19.<br />Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, pp. 196-197.<br />See also Lucy Wood, Upholstered Furniture in the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Yale, 2009, p. 360, figs. 230-235 for details of a similar set of chairs at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, attributed to William Hallett, 1740; and another set possibly by Hallett, supplied to Sir Jacob de Bouverie in 1737.<br />Similar chair backs can be seen in H. Cescinsky, English Furniture: From Gothic to Sheraton, 1968, reprint, 2nd Ed, pp. 197, 274.<br />A chair of this model with virtually identical chair back but mahogany and with alternative carving on the knees was sold in <a href="https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-6187345">‘Little Cassiobury: The Collection of Susan Lyall’, Christie’s New York, 16 January 2019, lot 148</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF098 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with fan back and cabriole legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1735-1745 Description An account of the resource A walnut side chair with fan back, scrolled crest rail and pierced splat on cabriole legs, with upholstered seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7b88d3226ae913b8f2d382cbcbee1634.jpg 1bc78069f29bfe757ac788eb16527afa https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a0eab2f9ec62b6674341eeb163d17498.jpg b584c58b0c62b06818edaeef33691665 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c6534a48696b65084c5248d7b106a348.jpg 97177dfcc0f5bc921af15bb815c7f24f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c04a3b2aee5d8eda19072ba5473608c1.jpg 8d25d7328d325e06e03106d7752b54b5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e580dd7d4c4eff4140c1ea53c1b35444.jpg 47815233ae56db9fba2c5572f0ca113d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6091c70ec6b6b6f7e5923eb6376e930e.jpg 9f1bdbae57f453db2b02051bf769ce7b Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has a concave crest rail with a central paper scroll and scrolled corners, continuous with the straight and tapered back posts. There is a three-part pierced splat in the form of a lyre, the two outer bars joining the scrolled corners of the crest rail. The tops and bottoms of the piercings are shaped as gothic tracery. The splat is fitted to the seat-rail, with no shoe. The seat rails are plain with a moulded top edge and the drop-in seat, which retains its original frame, is covered with 19th century upholstery and leather cover. The front legs are cabriole with shaped ears and pad feet, while the back legs have turned sections above block heels and are flared. The legs are united by an H-form turned stretcher with squared blocks at the joints and a higher turned back stretcher.<br /><br />This model is a transitional piece that stylistically lies between the baluster-splat chairs of the 1720s and 30s and pierced fan-back chairs of 1740-50; examples of the fan back can be seen in a set of chairs supplied by John Willis of St. Paul’s Churchyard in 1745 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge (Bowett, 2009). The shaping of the back of this chair resembles a classical Ionic capital; in Thomas Chippendale’s (1718-79) Director (1754, 1755, 1762) the preliminary plates illustrated the classical orders since they were considered the foundation of good design. <br /><br />A mahogany chair with a closely related splat to the one on this chair is in the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum (<a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O372170/chair-unknown/%22170/chair-unknown/">Chair | Unknown | V&amp;A Explore The Collections</a>). The lyre-shaped splat was to reach its apogee in the late 1760s and early 1770s; an example is the set of six library chairs supplied by Chippendale in 1768 for the Library at Nostell Priory, Yorkshire (<a href="https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/959722">NT 959722</a>), while a design by Chippendale’s contemporary, John Linnell (1729-96), shows a more elaborate version of the lyre-back (<a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O754688/design-for-a-lyre-back-drawing-linnell-john/">Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, E.80-1929</a>). <br /><br />This chair is possibly of provincial manufacture, in that the work is relatively plain with no carving and does not use veneers; it combines new and old stylistic features, for example, the lyre-shaped splat would have been quite a new fashion while the use of stretchers with cabriole legs was becoming rather archaic. London makers tended to be in the vanguard with new ideas. Condition In good original condition, with few alterations or repairs. Materials Walnut.<br />Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 <br />W. 61 <br />D. 58 Marks Incised ‘II’ on back seat rail suggesting the chair is part of a larger suite. Provenance Not recorded, but in the collection prior to 1993. Notes Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors' Club, 2009, p. 197, Plate 4:108.<br />Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director, 3rd edition, 1762, Plates I-VIII. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF094 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with lyre-shaped splat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1730-1740 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with lyre-shaped pierced splat and drop-in seat.