16 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1b222c2cccf6d9e6a40686665c2fa8f9.jpg 153f02e115119e2e89ced620ff1d3934 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1fc5bd6c17da2ceff3cd0d2bbb5a2bbc.jpg 7cfc44bf2c850d09c81d01605ac32b80 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5ebfba429133981029f2f640a6ac3336.jpg 257294b6f448e331fff5cf49026913ca https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1c4403f69bca5803fb18e9e6cec447d3.jpg b684d8446c842f2cfa730b63b26888f6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1534861e6f2a10b6d68a3275242ac598.jpg 7984de34b5e69ce3ad16a3b6accb91b3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This chair has a moulded papier-mâché back and a wood (probably beech) frame from the seat down, all japanned in black, inlaid with shells and decorated with gold paint. The back is spoon shaped and has a vasiform splat, probably moulded as one piece in papier-mâché, around a wood frame to provide strength. It is morticed into the back of the caned seat, which has tapered and rounded rails; the front rail is bowed. The chair is raised on faceted cabriole legs at the front, and oval-section flared legs at the back. There are plain turned stretchers at the sides and back, while the front stretcher is also turned but with a hexagonally faceted and decorated centre block. The black japanning is finished to high gloss and inlaid with mother-of-pearl and abalone, and is painted with gilt arabesques. Papier-mâché is the French term for paper pulp. It was introduced into Europe in the 17th century from Persia and the East. By the 19th century, there were two varieties of the material both of which bore the same name. The first technique was to paste sheets of paper onto an iron or brass mould allowing each layer to dry before applying the next. The second, and more common, was to reduce the paper into a pulpy substance and pack it into a mould of the desired form. In both methods, reinforcements with wire or other material might be required (Gloag, 1991). This chair is a good example of the fashion for papier-mâché furniture in the mid-19th century. One of the most renowned and highly skilled firms in the manufacture of papier-mâché wares was Aaron Jennens & T.H. Bettridge (fl. 1815-1864). In 1825 they took out a patent for ‘working pearl shell into various forms, for applying it to ornamental uses in the manufacture of paper and other wares’, and between 1825 and 1830, invented a process for softening boards by steam and shaping them in moulds to create chairs, tables and caskets. Originally based in Birmingham, by 1837 they had set up a London shop at 3 West Halkin Street, Belgravia and two years later had offices in Paris and New York. They exhibited the ‘Day Dreamer’ armchair at the Great Exhibition of 1851 (Illustrated Exhibitor, 1851). Queen Mary (r. 1910-36) was a collector of late Georgian and Victorian papier-mâché. Part of her extensive collection is in her Black Museum at Frogmore House, Windsor (Cornforth, 1991). Condition The joint between the back left leg and seat is loose. The seat is reinforced with a metal bracket. Woodworm holes in seat rails (frame is possibly beech) The cane appears original, with some damage. Requires careful handling. Materials Beech (presumed) and papier-mâché, japanned and inlaid with shell. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 80 W. 43 D. 44 Marks Painted number on back left leg, ‘Y 946’. Provenance Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation in 2002. Notes J. Gloag, A Complete Dictionary of Furniture, revised and expanded by C. Edwards, Woodstock, 1991, pp. 491-92. The Illustrated Exhibitor. A Tribute to the World's Industrial Jubilee; comprising Sketches, by Pen and Pencil, of the Principal Objects in the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, London, 1851, p. 345. J. Cornforth, ‘If Objects Could Speak’, Country Life, 22 August 1991, p. 46. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF412 Title A name given to the resource Japanned beech and papier-mâché side chair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1870 Description An account of the resource Japanned beech and papier-mâché side chair with caned seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a269ce4146e2ff5492128f7d866a7181.jpg cca51f7711ee1265f0beeccfc9d1fbda https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e00fcdf15a436b78cd7665786205dbce.jpg 61b9664703aa2b90d3806242c7b23cd6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b385ad447ca5b14f3cfbdfa8d5c6153f.jpg 1bac877700d28260c593e4dc0e195852 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a43d79fc647269ca8314ed92fb5d7700.jpg ee9a221bcbc11635fd0b7c840ef08689 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25fb62974a2785c1c5e4bca302d5c99a.jpg c0915c6fa2fa4a2203b50f794e79a9d3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A rare survival, this joined oak backstool has had no major repairs and retains the original upholstery and leather covers. It is typical of the joined furniture made in England in the second half of the 17th century, with an oak frame, constructed with mortice and tenon joints secured with oak pegs. The front legs are turned while the rest of the frame is squared. The back posts are slightly raked above the seat, and the back itself is rectangular, indicating a date of around 1680; on later chairs the backs were more often square and then became taller, resulting in the high-back chairs of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. On this chair the feet have been cut off, probably because they were worn and damaged. The torn leather cover reveals the straw used as stuffing material. The leather is nailed to the frame with large dome-headed tacks and covers not just the seat and back but also the front faces of the back posts where they are seen above the seat, which was the normal practice with leather covers. Chairs such as this were quite common in the homes of tradesmen, merchants and professionals in the late 17th century, as recorded in inventories. They were called backstools because they had developed from stools, which until then were the most common form of seating. As homes became more comfortably furnished, and were increasingly used for receiving guests, chairs were more widely purchased, either with plain wooden seats, or with matted, i.e. rush seats. More expensive chairs were upholstered with either leather or cloth. Chairs with caned seats and backs were introduced from the mid-1660s and had become a popular and fashionable alternative to oak backstools by the end of the century (Bowett, 2002). Condition In good original condition. Feet missing. Original upholstery and leather covers, now torn and damaged. Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 94 W. 56 D. 54 Provenance Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation, 2nd July 2003, from Christie’s, South Kensington, lot 15, the property of the late James Frederick Ridge, Lancashire. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1660-1714, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 80-83. For a similar chair in the Collection, see FPF414. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF413 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with original upholstery to seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1690 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool with turned front legs and original leather covered upholstery on the seat and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/051698f02c9791ce5da493b05aebab1a.jpg 5cdd4249b03e208f39f4338bed482e43 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1d22dd845fb0ce0f0b92099a108037c0.jpg c76394d949294728fe394743056c503f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8adcbd41ff6bea2d54d7831eb3972ddc.jpg a829dc9d42a0a31630347616d4275ff1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8658f795eddb5a32179c006abb27a841.jpg d5fb38cbb3a6648e7e7c8ef0e8ef8bee https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a3e52822179a6744fa30fc1aac26b503.jpg 76712041db519cc0c21ffc7587c648f9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f833d9e59efaa30002d29fb64539b827.jpg 54d78078d69c386955c836b103145bb5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c381849b167781a99e031347b98f52dd.jpg 8c73cc2734f3ea6f3b89cabd2423555b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a1230a1b1c8bdb13e5169e1bad93972a.jpg 57df4498395dde805aaf9c8911e004af https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/31ef2455aa0a4734a3b958ec80f79be5.jpg 07a261b9656355e3a337ad6ac57f80b7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/79d9155c59c8d7c3f92991ef4b0875a0.jpg 76b9cb0ff8185c1561cd65e7c9930024 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This is a rare example of a 17th century oak backstool with its original upholstery and covers. The oak frame is ‘joined’, that is, made by a joiner using mortice and tenon joints fastened with oak pegs. The upholstered back is rectangular, with square section posts which are slightly raked, and cross rails. The back legs are continuous with the posts and vertical below the seat. The stuff-over seat rests on rails joined to the legs with mortice and tenon joints. The front legs are turned with reels and have squared blocks at the joints, ending with turned bun feet. The four stretchers are plain. The upholstery is stuffed with straw and hay and the covers are leather, fixed with dome-headed nails. The height of the back and its horizontally rectangular shape suggests the chair dates to between 1670 and 1685; after this date English chair backs tended to be either square, or more commonly, vertically rectangular. From the 1690s until around 1720, the fashion was for exceptionally tall backs. The presence of the original upholstery sets this chair apart as a rare survival. The stuffing, which is visible where the leather has perished, appears to be mainly straw and hay. The best quality leather used for upholstery at this period was Russian, imported from the Baltic ports. The hide was very durable, due to the long tanning process; the leather was finished in a rolling press which left a pattern of diagonal lines in the surface. On this chair, however, there are no signs of the diamond pattern, so the leather could either have been imported from elsewhere - Turkey was an alternative source - or it could be English hide. The leather was generally nailed to the chair with domed tacks, as here, although often in double rows. The front faces of the back posts between the seat and back were also leather-covered, as in this case (Bowett, 2002). Of particular interest are the four ties visible in the centre of the seat, known as double-stuff stitching, to help hold the stuffing in place. The cost of the wood and making the frame of such chairs was often much less than that of the covering, which if not leather might be Turkeywork, an English woollen cloth woven in a pattern and colours to resemble Turkish rugs; or needlework; or a woven fine cloth such as serge or camlet. More expensive chairs, with more turning and carving in the frame, would have merited more expensive fabrics, like silk. Caned chairs gradually became a more popular and fashionable alternative to joined chairs by the end of the 17th century. Condition The leather has perished in places. Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 90 W. 54 D. 47 Provenance Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation at Christie’s, 2 July 2003. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1660-1714, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 80-83. For a similar chair in the Collection see FPF413. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF414 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with original upholstery on seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1690 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool with reel-turned front legs and original leather covered upholstery on the seat and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b09880e01a9ee9b18297d4fd5a11bdf3.jpg 9e57963137d31566e97d8ed97507b502 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e6c56d8f8d04b4a8433b0c0dbe7c16f3.jpg 67956eaef34078c6b070653cc770b36c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9652116be5632d1161d67a72ba3829e2.jpg 7405aa16dfdd722b67d8fdb00b7273b9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e0cf6e882c0fce604ebafa431d70cc9c.jpg 53e8e5a44b54113a8f52f763033e7cb0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/982fbc8f0ab2615f68e5a844f396f099.jpg 4eb4dc0ca3fa73d2f507ad6e35a6b721 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1ed8298a54810cf77ab249211ba450c7.jpg 38ad322d97858890bd2be4b39b214b18 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4e245302d4cf0fdc985071a87412c285.jpg 0a4e86a5e3a9acb00e44366b0286fd96 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This chair is elemental in form, rigid, square and upright, with very little attempt at ergonomics or comfort. It is essentially a statement about sustainability in the use of materials for consumer products. Together with the child’s version (see FPF 416), it was designed by Jane Atfield between 1992-5 as part of a range of furniture made of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a material initially developed in the United States. Working with Colin Williamson (plastics expert and chairman of the British Plastics Federation in London) and a plywood pressing firm, Stanley Smith Ltd., in West London, Atfield began manufacturing HDPE in Britain in 1994, under her company, Made of Waste. Plastic bottles were collected from the local community, sorted by colour to achieve different effects, then chipped into small fragments and fused under heat and pressure to form a sheet material. This was then cut to make the various parts of the chair and these were screwed together. This chair was produced by Made of Waste in c.1996 and was given the design reference RCP2 Chair. Jane Atfield (b, 1964) studied architecture at the Polytechnic of Central London and furniture design at the London College of Furniture. She graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1992 with an MA in furniture design. In 1993 Atfield set up a company, Made of Waste, pioneering post-consumer recycled plastics. Since then she has worked as a design consultant and university lecturer, has exhibited internationally, and has examples of her work in several museums. Atfield was shortlisted for the Jerwood Prize for Furniture in 1999. See also FPF416, a matching child’s chair. Condition Good. Materials Polyethylene (recycled plastic), fixed with Hex socket screws. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 81 W. 37 D. 44 Marks ‘1’ written in ink on inside of left-hand seat rail. Provenance Purchased for the Frederick Parker Collection from Jane Atfield in 2002. Notes Lesley Jackson, Modern British Furniture, Design since 1945, V&A Publishing 2013, p.203, fig. 238. There is another example of the adult chair in the Victoria and Albert Museum, accession number: W.4-1996. See: <a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O114267/rcp2-chair-chair-atfield-jane/">RCP2 chair | Atfield, Jane | V&A Explore The Collections</a> For details on Jane Atfield see: <a href="http://www.janeatfield.com">janeatfield.com</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF415 Title A name given to the resource Recycled plastic side chair designed by Jane Atfield. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1995, made in 1996 Description An account of the resource A side chair made from multi-coloured recycled polyethylene, designed by Jane Atfield and made by Made of Waste. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d441035c3777b1de01109d871107892b.jpg c7a1ff375f3938ea81c0c74ad568f11b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/80bb06b84f38ce9856db837e15ef61b5.jpg 71915452524b7d34c7a7203186e2b2e7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3e8cf965384fd212d11bd9906bae59b7.jpg c965dcc5bd519813b68860224fd1a86b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b7664365bb6b25f089b360ad1b194c1e.jpg 38ad322d97858890bd2be4b39b214b18 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dbc2e2010d3ff2cb7b492cbe027b60e7.jpg 0a4e86a5e3a9acb00e44366b0286fd96 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This is the child’s version of Atfield’s recycled plastic chair, also in the Collection (see FPF 415). The chair is elemental in form, rigid, square and upright, with very little attempt at ergonomics or comfort. It is essentially a statement about sustainability in the use of materials for consumer products. Together with the adult version (FPF 415), it was designed by Jane Atfield between 1992-5 as part of a range of furniture made of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a material initially developed in the United States. Working with Colin Williamson (plastics expert and chairman of the British Plastics Federation in London) and a plywood pressing firm, Stanley Smith Ltd in West London, Atfield began manufacturing HDPE in Britain in 1994, under her company, Made of Waste. Plastic bottles were collected from the local community, sorted by colour to achieve different effects, then chipped into small fragments and fused under heat and pressure to form a sheet material. This was then cut to make the various parts of the chairs and these were screwed together. This chair was produced by Made of Waste in c.1996. Jane Atfield (b. 1964) studied architecture at the Polytechnic of Central London and furniture design at the London College of Furniture. She graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1992 with an MA in furniture design. In 1993 Atfield set up a company, Made of Waste, pioneering post-consumer recycled plastics. Since then she has worked as a design consultant and university lecturer, has exhibited internationally, and has examples of her work in several museums. Atfield was shortlisted for the Jerwood Prize for Furniture in 1999. See also FPF415, a matching adult’s chair. Condition Good Materials Polyethylene (recycled plastic), fixed with Hex socket screws. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 56 W. 26 D. 30 Provenance Purchased for the Frederick Parker Collection from Jane Atfield in 2002. Notes Lesley Jackson, Modern British Furniture, Design since 1945, V&A Publishing 2013, p.203, fig. 238. There is another example of the adult chair in the Victoria and Albert Museum, accession number: W.4-1996. See: <a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O114267/rcp2-chair-chair-atfield-jane/">RCP2 chair | Atfield, Jane | V&A Explore The Collections</a> For details on Jane Atfield see: <a href="http://www.janeatfield.com">janeatfield.com</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF416 Title A name given to the resource Recycled plastic child’s chair designed by Jane Atfield. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1995, made in 1996 Description An account of the resource A child’s chair made from multi-coloured recycled polyethylene, designed by Jane Atfield and made by Made of Waste. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dfbff1399f4c1fe87bc2c7942c3a80e4.jpg d483a8efd559d3be7806e8f1e2d59624 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/79094551878b05d93fef8f74976c573b.jpg 5267216921c86893f458d68831739a7d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ec6415b5992b9941f47499b5eb693d74.jpg 504c204b091399a78bd342b6b294cb23 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5d7918e75af4e7f6ef35b038ac4733ff.jpg f62c26d819c099f4a97279b878dc13f8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5c3520a9115509154e41178f928443b2.jpg 13d5ebe1a8ce7c831fb795013abdbae9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/bca4827747f3d7981621925c1474af35.jpg cd27ee415b586f91c36e044452fb8322 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This charcoal grey polypropylene stacking chair with grey enamelled tubular steel legs was designed in 1964 by Robin Day OBE (1915-2010) for S. Hille & Co., London (from 1972, Hille International). The seat is made by injecting hot molten plastic under pressure into a cooled split mould (injection-moulding). This version may be made of recycled polypropylene, called polyspex, introduced in 1990. The innovative rolled-over edge gives the chair structural stability whilst allowing some flexibility. Four bosses are integrally moulded on the underside of the seat and the tubular steel leg frame is screwed into these with self-tapping screws. This method proved very successful and was subsequently copied by other manufacturers. The first version of the polypropylene chair, Mark 1, popularly known as the ‘Polyprop’ chair, was launched in May 1963 and was remodelled in 1964 with a wider seat to become the Polypropylene Mark II Chair. Robin Day recognised the potential of polypropylene for mass-produced furniture manufacture – the material was stronger, lighter, more flexible and resilient than moulded plywood or glass-fibre. This thermoplastic, invented in 1954 by the Italian Nobel Prize winner, Guilio Natta, becomes soft and malleable when heated. Although the initial cost of the moulds was expensive, the polypropylene shells could be made quickly and were cost effective, their economy deriving from the fact that 4,000 seats a week were produced from a single mould. The Frederick Parker Collection includes a pair of fibreglass patterns used in the development of the Mark II chair, see FPF496. The polypropylene chair is one of the most commercially successful British furniture designs of the 1960s, with the Mark II winning a Design Centre Award in 1965. It was elegant, comfortable, ergonomic, hard-wearing and stackable; it proved ideal for utilitarian environments such as the stadium for the Mexico Olympics in 1968, where 38,000 seats were fitted. Over 14 million have been sold, it and it remains in production to the present day. The chair was originally available in charcoal grey, light grey and flame red, and further colours were added thereafter. The FPF Collection owns a second Mark II chair, FPF410, which is in green, and another chair designed by Day, FPF486. Born in High Wycombe, Robin Day studied at the Royal College of Art in London from 1934-38 where he met his future wife, Lucienne, the renowned fabric designer. The pair represented the progressive spirit of post-war British design; Day’s lifetime ambition was ‘designing things that most people can afford’. In 1949, Day and fellow-designer, Clive Latimer, won a competition organised by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, to design low-cost furniture, with their entry for a modular storage system made of tapered plywood and tubular aluminium. A direct result was Day being employed initially as a director, and later as design consultant, of S. Hille & Co. Ltd., an association that endured for 20 years and helped to make Hille one of the Britain’s most progressive furniture manufacturers. There are different colourway versions of the polypropylene chairs dated 1963 in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London (CIRC.15-1966, CIRC.15A-1966, CIRC.15B-1966). Condition Good. Materials Polypropylene or possibly polyspex. Steel. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 75 W. 51 D. 48 Provenance Two chairs, FPF410 and FPF417, were donated by Robin Day/Hille to the Frederick Parker Foundation in 2002. Notes L. Jackson, Modern British Furniture Design Since 1945, London, 2013, p. 173. L. Jackson, Robin and Lucienne Day: Pioneers of Contemporary Design, London, 2001, p. 120. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF417 Title A name given to the resource Grey polypropylene stacking chair, Mark II Chair designed by Robin Day. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1964, manufactured 1990-2000. Description An account of the resource A grey polypropylene stacking chair with tubular steel legs, Mark II Chair designed by Robin Day, manufactured by Hille International. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a59e805fba8723af590f8f86fcfbac71.jpg 82e46b0ec28cd9cabdc00957a7937430 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/406d92a342d16240a30d7124cbd90f7f.jpg 5308cc2eb38fba906e45ab394fa7518c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fa88f1c7c88939f71bc185213342edeb.jpg 5b7db25d176f995abf43cbb47a6658b0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/03289cd0d2722f4aeda898450861de34.jpg dd392743b8c7d57f78549f82d03af192 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/64665941872c77ce2e0f7329e1851908.jpg 8546db42a076902aa76726eeb0ef1014 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This armchair has a wooden frame, probably of beech or birch. The exposed wood on the arms and legs has been stained dark brown, resembling mahogany. The gently curved back is fully upholstered and the seat has Parker Knoll tension springs under a loose upholstered cushion. The wooden arms are shaped and curved, and rest on supports which are continuous with the front legs. The back legs are flared. The chair appears to have been recovered in a modern synthetic fabric, and the webbing for the springs also appears to have been replaced, while the springs are likely to be original. The tension springs were first introduced by Parker Knoll in 1931-2 (Bland, 1995) The 199 chair was made by Parker Knoll from just before WWII and continued in production in the post-war period. The straightforward, unornamented design places it firmly in the category of more modernist designs which were gaining popularity in the 1930s. Parker Knoll and other furniture companies were increasingly producing this style of furniture alongside reproduction models from earlier periods. Under the restrictions on design and manufacture imposed by the Utility scheme introduced in 1942, furniture of this type, using minimal materials, became the standard. The Parker Knoll patent number, which is visible on the chair rail, is the same as that on the PK36 model (FPF450 in the Frederick Parker Collection). Condition Possible repairs to both back legs. The frame has marks and scuffs. The upholstery is possibly not original; some of the webbing supporting the springs appears to be a later replacement. Materials Beech or birch probably. Steel tension springs. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 92 W. 66 D. 89 Marks Parker Knoll Patent No 322638 embossed in red on the inside back seat rail. Parker Knoll name woven into the webbing for the springs. Parker Numbers PK199. Provenance Acquired for the Collection by Jonathan Arnold, c.2000. Notes Greg Stevenson, The 1930s Home, Shire Publications Ltd, 2016. Stephen Bland, Take a Seat, the Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, pp. 67-8. See also p. 73 which includes an illustration of a 1975 advertisement for Parker Knoll and PK 199, still in production. For PK Utility chairs see pp.105-7and 113-8. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF449 Title A name given to the resource Armchair with wooden arms and upholstered seat cushion and back, Parker Knoll model PK199. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1935-1940, this model probably made 1960-1980. Description An account of the resource Armchair with wooden arms and upholstered seat cushion and back, made by Parker Knoll, model PK199. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8ea3c1f4662f48f7ace31a5ff2bf32d1.jpg 99a30a198da099df1dba9c5d7a22e718 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4958f151c536a1a457fa134f2421e01b.jpg ab985e95ccfcc822c450cf135f225dc9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/90dcda78288176f7c300aa2073801f58.jpg 82939e92896b1e1bf3f9823be9e18aa6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3031a93d6aacccd8d23b17a89148c133.jpg 64e15ac7a4880752da054afab072c604 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9ae2f55436063fea2f87b19431dca518.jpg a4a45708c023e49ce4c120e321d5c229 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This armchair has a stained and varnished wooden frame, probably of beech or birch. The arms are shaped and curved, and rest on curved supports fixed to the side rails of the seat. The front legs are square, tapered and end in block feet. The back posts are continuous with the back legs, which are raked. The seat and back cushions rest on steel tension springs stretched across the frame. The springs appear to be original; those under the seat are hooked into Parker Knoll branded webbing, which appears to have been replaced, while the back springs are held by small caps fitted along the back posts. The back cushion has tapes tying it to the frame to keep it in place. The upholstery cover is a floral chintz which is probably a replacement. This PK36 armchair was made by Parker Knoll shortly before WWII. The factory ceased furniture production during the war, when it made military equipment and aircraft parts, and resumed furniture manufacture in 1947. This chair was probably made in the 1950s and 1960s. Open, wooden frame armchairs had not proved particularly popular with the public in the 1930s, but after the war people were ready for a new look and modernist styles became increasingly fashionable. The Parker Knoll patent number, which is visible on the chair rail, is the same as that on the PK199 model (FPF449 in the Frederick Parker Collection). Condition Good. Cushion covers probably replaced. Materials Beech or birch, probably. Steel tension springs Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 90 W. 60 D. 86 Marks Parker Knoll Patent No 322638 embossed in red on the inside back seat rail. Parker Knoll name woven into the webbing for the springs. Parker Numbers PK36. Provenance Acquired for the Collection by Jonathan Arnold, c.2000. Notes Greg Stevenson, The 1930s Home, Shire Publications Ltd, 2016. Stephen Bland, Take a Seat, the Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, pp. 67-8. See also pp. 105-7 and 113-8 for Parker Knoll and the Utility scheme. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF450 Title A name given to the resource Armchair with wooden arms and upholstered seat and back cushions, Parker Knoll model PK36. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1935-1940, this model probably made 1950-1960. Description An account of the resource Armchair with wooden arms and upholstered seat and back cushions, Parker Knoll model PK36. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5832f1a7f14f06ac4d5a6e5ecf473c21.jpg 1323a7857d1285b47814bdf253ffd850 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dfddc64915926a83b8ed0f751fe6c50b.jpg dc33f424adaf4ee150efb258dcc10ca5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2583de42083ce64fcf2962535b170713.jpg eab474978e23e4af0cd888117540f859 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/05b6a3d9e9ea4432229f88e0f0d13db8.jpg db0386a954b89fe29ea131d17dffe08f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0f27351c3302841a4b95a87457224a7e.jpg 5ae49a7c5a3931c51c5aabc31a5189bc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b73020acd543c0119669d875cfe13b14.jpg e97f2f5d1ef0254c60fcfd81768d14c4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3f047b97fc36b613359840eeb787e2bd.jpg f7b6ce494981fac9c7d2eed38e8d2fba https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4ed5566446322e42ebdf52d8a8680c07.jpg d39082e7538c2dbfc37c686bc0d95a64 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b35be3a1e7020a4c48b92a9109f05594.jpg 96f9f05fdb946f17677b4e19c56307a5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1f5fe3780c43c62432eca409572b7a3d.jpg fd2d06b35ed76d45c4a160f07e0f654c https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dea9542ffd9084da5669ad3b455b340d.jpg dbca4e3e33e15eba45d5e3739cc39473 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fc0c33013df0544ff1600e678f5411aa.jpg 8c2693879012d186e7a9403bba041e36 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e980919db4e8a46fa7b6cc2e5c574a89.jpg 389084d18910067115920a606d6a1fa7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/32fd6b353691e322032fe48beae36d64.jpg a70918048c8f426f26cd81ed1e7f42b6 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This upholstered armchair is model number PK1450, designed by Parker Knoll to comply with the Utility regulations and manufactured from 1948. It has fixed upholstery to the back and the seat frame, with Parker Knoll tension springs under the loose seat cushion. The tension springs are each covered in a cotton sleeve and they are supported on strong, woven flexible tape with the name Parker-Knoll woven into it. The back springing is not visible beneath the cover but there are metal components, some of which have become detached inside the cover. The frame is beech, while the arms are steam-bent ash. The legs are also ash, straight at the front and raked at the back. Although the covering on this chair is not original, the upholstery is, the back stuffing being of kapok while the seat cushion is latex foam. On the inside of one of the side seat rails is printed "PARKER KNOLL UTILITY CHAIR" with the Utility symbol, ‘CC41’. This design was initially developed in 1946 with a coil spring seat, generally similar to pre-war fireside chairs. In 1948 the design was altered to allow tension springs to be fitted. This model was extremely successful as soon as it was launched and Parker Knoll struggled to meet the demand during a period of shortages of materials and skilled labour. The Utility scheme was set up during the Second World War to control the supply, price and quality of clothing and household goods in response to wartime and post-war shortages. The CC41 symbol showed the item was licensed by the government, and became a guarantee of fine workmanship, enduring materials, good design and a moderate price. In November 1941 the Board of Trade took over control of the furniture industry by requiring companies to have licences in order to manufacture. It was controlled more tightly than any other field. January 1943 saw the publication of the first Utility catalogue featuring twenty types of furniture, for the exclusive use of those made homeless due to the bombing, and of newly-weds. During the war Parker Knoll had turned to production of military supplies and aircraft parts, and only resumed furniture production when the regulations began to be relaxed in 1946; the ‘Cotswold’ fireside chair, number 1450 was one of their first Utility models. In 1948 Parker Knoll updated the 1450 to the 1450PK with tension springs and a loose seat cushion, as in this chair, which was approved by the Board of Trade assessors and became very successful. The Utility scheme did not finally come to an end until January 1953. Condition Upholstery re-covered. Materials Beech, Ash. Steel springs. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 88 W. 67 D. 82 Marks Stencil marks on inside of seat rails: ‘Registered Trade Mark Parker-Knoll Utility CC41’. PARKER-KNOLL is woven into the fabric tape which holds the tension springing. Parker Numbers PK1450. Provenance Manufactured by Parker Knoll from 1948. Acquired by the Frederick Parker Foundation in c.2000. Notes Stephen Bland, Take a Seat, The Story of Parker Knoll, 1834-1994, Parker Knoll, 1995, p.108-9 and 113-7. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF451 Title A name given to the resource Utility armchair with curved arms and upholstered back and seat cushion. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed 1946-1948, manufactured 1948-1953. Description An account of the resource An armchair with upholstered seat and back and curved arms, PK1450 Fireside chair made by Parker Knoll within the WW2 Utility regulations. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ae61e24ee5a4505baa7114a59371a209.jpg 36a37eff80ac7d2f7113d60b476a5e01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/41757bcf4649de1fcb51af95ceb092cf.jpg 12fea41aec3b7d21a5f46d8012c2c2c4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/42a648d5218520d73dd0525df5280112.jpg d56e050a927fb6fb4ebd5647961615e5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/16d899902d5adba10b7723f51dcbe44c.jpg 2c27f63690e8694f0ebc6368a2663043 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ce66f5cafb2474fe0cd7a06773d38452.jpg 379e3138ac3b79db0b3daf511278a249 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7810a4826e60a1bb93eebfa46d4efbe1.jpg e4a52618e157b2caaad1ce78caac4631 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This armchair has a metal alloy frame with a fitted upholstered back and a loose upholstered seat cushion. The arms are padded and have wooden tips, and rest on curved supports which are continuous with the tapering front legs. The back posts are curved to provide lumbar support and are continuous with the back legs, which are also tapered and raked. The seat cushion and upholstered back rest on Parker Knoll tension springs; those in the seat are hooked into Parker Knoll webbing whilst in the back they are held by small caps along the back posts. The back cushion is attached to the frame by thumb screws at the bottom corners. The upholstery covers have been replaced. The PK707 Toledo was developed by Parker Knoll in 1946-7 in anticipation of revised post-war Utility scheme regulations. Alloy metals were available from the disarmament of military equipment, and this seemed like a viable material for furniture while timber was still in short supply. It was made until 1950 when production of chairs with more familiar, and much less heavy, wooden frames had been fully restored. The Toledo was available in spray-painted colours described as light oak and walnut (Bland, 1995). Condition The paint is badly chipped and flaking in many places. The upholstery has suffered moth infestation and is damaged in numerous places. Materials Cast metal alloy. Wooden back rail and tips to armrests. Steel tension springs. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 87 W. 69 D. 77 Marks Parker-Knoll Reg. Design No 853391 – stamped into back seat rail. Parker Knoll branded webbing for the springs. Parker Numbers PK707. Provenance Acquired for the Collection by Jonathan Arnold, c.2000. Notes Stephen Bland, Take A Seat: the Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, p.115-118, see also illustrations of the Toledo chair on p. 117, top right and p. 118 top left. Paul Evans and Peter Doyle, The 1940s Home, Shire Publications Ltd, 2016. Related material can be seen in the Parker Knoll Archive, including upholstery cutting plan and assembly diagram, held at the London Metropolitan University. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF452 Title A name given to the resource Metal framed armchair with upholstered back and loose seat cushion, Parker Knoll Toledo PK707. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-1950 Description An account of the resource Metal framed armchair with upholstered back and loose seat cushion, Parker Knoll Toledo PK707.