13 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/022938c8f5e7b1118bcc2ebd3d53576e.jpg af9641d90eb247760259de9eec20aba1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9c4bb08862d36f9aeeff80ee74b9f6ff.jpg 71a45f86aa2e1cfb5a74042650df25a5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2436985536da616168c8ef35bc71d4a2.jpg 90e7c99afe8e7ee26dc5c55c2cd23759 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0a29dda38d1b7e270bc0fe1af76ff405.jpg a7a614d5665d5b08559fd020b88b4605 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e35a3a405cc77294d613f6eb4a8f6664.jpg 2874efe82392d6e1c845d2192295bf50 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This beech side chair has an arched bobbin-turned crest rail which tapers from the centre to each end, fixed between turned upright back posts with decorative ring-turnings which simulate bamboo. There are three horizontal rails in the back; the top two enclose two vertical spindles and four more spindles forming a diamond shape, all with decorative ring-turning and with turned balls at the points. The seat is rushed over a frame which has exposed squared corners and is finished with slips of beech along the edges. The chair is raised at the front on tapering and turned legs, also with ‘bamboo’ ring-turnings. The back legs are continuous with the posts, and are turned, tapering and slightly raked. The legs are joined by shaped stretchers, i.e., not turned, but rounded using a drawknife; the same is true of the rails in the back. The chair has an ebonised finish, i.e. stained dark brown and varnished. The rush is possibly original. A similar design of chair back with spindles and balls forming a diamond is illustrated in an early 19th century London maker’s pattern book with the initials ‘T.D.’ on the cover. Several chairs with the same or similar diamond design in the back are known, suggesting this feature may have been used by more than one maker of fancy chairs (Boram, 2010). It is not uncommon for features of fancy chairs to appear in vernacular chairs; simulated bamboo turning is just one instance. It is worth noting that the stretchers and back rails of this chair are shaped with a drawknife and not turned, which suggests it is more likely from a country rather than metropolitan workshop, despite the similarities in the design of the back to the ‘T.D.’ drawings. The bobbin turned arched crest rail is found in vernacular chairs both from the Cumberland Dales and Sussex. Traditional Dales chairs have been researched and published by B.D. Cotton (1990); Cotton has also studied the Sussex chair tradition (Cotton Archive), and his research is ongoing, but he has made a tentative attribution that the present chair is from Sussex, not from Cumbria. The Sussex chairs made by Henry Rich (1786-1867) in East Hoathly, Sussex are likely to be those which inspired William Morris and his friends to produce chairs of a similar design, made by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. from 1864 (Pennington, 1995). Recent and ongoing research by G.Poulter has revealed another Sussex maker, Henry Hook (1798-1876) of Beckley; chairs found in the homes of Beckley residents are closely related to the present chair (Poulter, 2022). Condition The chair is in good original condition. The rush-work is probably original. The lower left side stretcher is replaced. Materials Beech. Rush. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 84 W. 43 D. 46 Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes J. Boram, ‘Makers of ‘Dy’d, Fancy and Japan’d Chairs’, Regional Furniture, Vol. XXIV, 2010, p. 73, fig. 33; p. 75, fig. 37; p. 56, fig. 5. B.D. Cotton, The English Regional Chair, Antique Collectors’ Club, 1990, pp.327-337. Cotton Archive, Museum of the Home. J. Pennington, ‘Sussex Chairs’, Regional Furniture, Vol. IX, 1995, p. 82, fig. 2; p. 85, fig. 6. G. Poulter, Hook family chairs from the village of Beckley, Sussex, Regional Furniture Society Newsletter, Autumn 2022, p.14. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF330 Title A name given to the resource Ebonised beech side chair with rush seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840-1870 Description An account of the resource Ebonised beech side chair with rush seat, possibly a Sussex chair. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a074c95a6f3a765666f1a88c41c64340.jpg 3026f3fe50c9a303c498e4010e1a835b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/462db74937bbb0296457336f84005c7b.jpg d28929466cb9dd2a953df789f2f7c75f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/dcf6ce6808e539b39b14d1c882ad33d1.jpg 772223b13592d5b6f31abe7cb3379715 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a0dd0e61129250884985a462aeb18270.jpg e99483560760e562c1b14b9a9095f402 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25a162e16d61dc8202411209c237b148.jpg ea334f8a531fb2485f8b39ba788253c4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This tub armchair has a curved back and arm bow, with the arms sloping down towards the front, where they are supported on moulded scrolled uprights continuous with the front legs. The back posts are moulded and straight, and continuous with the back legs. The chair has an open back and sides and a compass caned seat with a serpentine front rail. The front legs are moulded cabriole with scrolled ears and fan-shaped carving on the knees. The back legs are also cabriole. All of the legs terminate in turned toes. This chair is possibly Indo-Portuguese; a similar tub chair from the Cape, dated 1790-1830, is illustrated in Veenendal, 2002. It is possibly derived from quanli chairs made during the Chinese Ming dynasty (1368-1644), translated literally as ‘round chair’. These Chinese chairs were referred to in western literature as ‘horseshoe-back’ chairs, and they can be distinguished by a continuously curved back and arm support, which is fixed into a rectangular seat. Examples of quanli chairs can be found in the Victoria & Albert Museum, nos. FE.72-1983, FE.66-1983. Condition The back and arm bow is possibly replaced in mahogany. One ear on the left front leg is missing. Repairs to back seat rail and front left leg joint. Cane work possibly original, some damage. Materials Dalbergia – either Brazilian or Indian rosewood. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 84 W. 53 D. 48 Parker Numbers OM 737. Provenance Not recorded but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes J. Veenendal et al, Domestic Interiors at the Cape and in Batavia, 1602-1795, Zwolle, 2002, p. 205, plate 65. For Chinese chairs of similar form in the V&A collection see: <a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O71485/armchair-unknown/">Armchair | Unknown | V&A Explore The Collections </a><a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O498891/armchair-unknown/">Armchair | Unknown | V&A Explore The Collections</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF335 Title A name given to the resource A rosewood open tub armchair with caned seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1800-1820 Description An account of the resource A rosewood open tub armchair with caned seat, possibly Indo-Portuguese. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e19ea8fef74bc3df66b9e43b2fcd4a8e.jpg 5678c7f95ff01bf0fe90c8f77640d17e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ace5337a44d5cd6f5a966d21786bf65a.jpg 3207ef0aff66dca7e55e07549ce2718a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/fb3760b91ae9737be283fdd482cbb78d.jpg b4c3ae0cbd34732bef415164021a8598 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0212a28c474bad9f89c8f2518c01586e.jpg 88552fc51f84d921e8eaf7c72424dde4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ffe7dbc7f664fe21b3746aca0931f128.jpg cde67005eadcee00dad67c42fba4b29a Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany bergère armchair has a rectangular upholstered back and panelled upholstered arms. The seat is webbed to support a deep squab cushion, and it has a square-section seat rail. The chair is raised on sabre legs with brass castors. The upholstery is original, but the top cover is missing; as a result the materials and methods of the original upholsterer are revealed. The sabre leg, resembling the curve of a cavalry scimitar, and sometimes called a ‘scimitar’, ‘swept’ or ‘Waterloo’ leg, was introduced in the Regency Greek Revival period. This style was originally inspired by James ‘Athenian’ Stuart and Nicholas Revett’s The Antiquities of Athens, volume I, published in 1762. From the 1790s into the early 19th century designers often incorporated Greek ornament in furniture. The sabre leg derives from those on klismos chairs as depicted on Ancient Greek pottery. Charles Heathcote Tatham’s Etchings of Ancient Ornamental Architecture (1799) and Etchings representing fragments of Grecian and Roman Architectural Ornaments (1806) together with Thomas Hope’s use of Graeco-Roman designs in his Household Furniture and Interior Decoration (1807), were influential sources for contemporary designers (Gloag, 1991). Condition The upholstery is original but in poor condition. Materials Mahogany. Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 93 W. 63 D. 89 Parker Numbers 151. This chair was used by Parker Knoll in 1939 as the model for their production chair, PK517. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons pre 1911 for 10 shillings. Notes J. Gloag, A Complete Dictionary of Furniture, revised and expanded by C. Edwards, Woodstock, 1991, pp. 372-373; 581. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF338 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany upholstered bergère armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1810-1830 Description An account of the resource Mahogany upholstered bergère armchair on sabre legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/3d2eddc721c356d20b3124c1243b7313.jpg dc660284ecb4fb69f6801b4e2fcd98e2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1bdf37dfad1a83ebbbed8d5c6f4d63f6.jpg 20ad2a6b269bbe5674d2cb2e9c057f22 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8d7381d8a851f4b0c16457121f0cd09e.jpg ae7b70a9f926795d71d816547de8b707 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/091390cec0ba2322e9c12c829b77a0d7.jpg fffbe9d79f7c28d3bb93c065f27ab56e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/89f6a88a0e2bb766ee8285715a4e76b3.jpg 111395cc37b6bed0440438ae0cae6ac9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/655614debdf44db3aebd288a21899755.jpg 327a16a83db253b533ea87afc8b2f3f3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This beech side chair has a curved and concave ring-turned crest rail with rope-twist carving in the middle. The back posts are serpentine and are joined by two horizontal channel moulded rails with brass bosses at each end. In the centre of the rails, there is a brass cabochon flanked by carved foliate fronds. The chair has a caned seat, which appears original, and a loose squab covered in a modern striped linen. The chair is raised on sabre legs; there are brass bosses at the tops of the front legs and on either side of the back posts. The seat rails have horizontal slots, presumably for tapes securing the squab. The chair is stained and grained to simulate rosewood, an expensive tropical wood imported from India; using a cheaper wood like beech reduced the cost of the chair considerably and the stained and grained finish was often very convincing. In 1823, The New Practical Builder described graining as ‘the imitating, by means of painting, various kinds of rare woods; as satin-wood, rose-wood, king-wood, mahogany, &c., and likewise various species of marble’ (Gloag, 1991). The distinctive serpentine profile of the chair back is found in designs by George Smith in A collection of designs for household furniture and interior decoration (1808). This chair has evolved from a ‘Trafalgar’ or ‘Egyptian’ chair characterised by its sweeping profile and rounded ‘knees’ at the seat rail. ‘Trafalgar’ or ‘Egyptian’ chairs reflected the popularity for Admiral Nelson and his sea victories in the Napoleonic Wars, which are further alluded to by decorative motifs such as the rope moulding on the crest rail and back posts, the brass bosses and the cabochon, which represents cannon balls or shot. The curved legs, now generally termed ‘sabre’ or ‘scimitar’ and at the time ‘Grecian’, are copied from those found on Greek Klismos chairs of the fifth and fourth centuries BC. The form was first published in Percier & Fontaine’s Recueil de Decorations Interferes comprenant tout ce qui a rapport a l’ameublement (1801). Condition The chair is in good original condition. The crest rail is loose. The front left leg is loose, putting the cane at risk of breaking. The squab cushion is 20th century. Materials Beech. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 84 W. 46 D. 51 Parker Numbers 1923 Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes J. Gloag, A Complete Dictionary of Furniture, revised and expanded by C. Edwards, Woodstock, 1991, pp. 177-178, 368-369. George Smith, A collection of designs for household furniture and interior decoration, London, 1808. Percier & Fontaine, Recueil de Decorations Interieures comprenant tout ce qui a rapport a l’ameublement, Paris, 1801. A similar chair by John Gee, c. 1810-15, is illustrated in M. Jourdain, Regency Furniture, London, rev. ed. 1965, p. 53, fig. 91. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF339 Title A name given to the resource Beech side chair with caned seat and sabre legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1810-1820 Description An account of the resource Beech side chair with caned seat and sabre legs, with simulated rosewood finish. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/cabbb138aba7fc9b8c8ff25833bb0cc0.jpg 21fd585849e06a8e06beedb645c71720 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b868432d3c21933c153b11b362c1d771.jpg cc7c0b50a363a89d8198461b03628f77 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/63bcf2e5c8d80d25019ac6e90e7b702e.jpg a0c50a878ed21de872388636e1a0e6d1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9b10a0852c319faeb630f302bb2db07a.jpg c7092c171185f302f1e8e5a72b8ccfa8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/6b5acf62ca7295d94fab3c870984e7ba.jpg a6ad65c506e878e0da0c0440419747c9 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This rosewood side chair has a panelled tablet crest rail with carved scroll ends and paterae and a raised double scroll crest in the centre. The back posts are down-swept into the seat rails at the sides, and continuous with the back legs. Two horizontal rails in the back enclose a carved floret flanked by carved and pierced channel-moulded scrolls. The caned seat has front and back rails as well as inner side rails through which the cane is woven. The chair is raised on turned legs at the front that are knulled just below the seat rail and have carved fringes just above the ‘toupie’ feet (toupie is French for a spinning top). The back legs are tapered and flared. The caning has been replaced; the chair would have had a squab cushion, held in place by the raised side rails. This form of side chair was fashionable from the early 1820s and remained so into the 1830s. Tablet-top chairs are described and illustrated in The London Chair-Makers’ and Carvers’ Book of Prices for Workmanship (1823) (Gloag, 1991). Related chairs were featured in Modern Style Exemplified (1829) and T. King’s Cabinet Maker’s Sketch Book (1835) (Joy, 1994). Condition The scrolled crest is replaced. Part of the left scroll in the centre of the back is replaced. Inner side seat rails and front and back rails all replaced in hardwood (not rosewood). The cane is replaced and has some damage. Materials Rosewood. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 89 W. 46 D. 51 Provenance Not recorded, but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes J. Gloag, A Complete Dictionary of Furniture, revised and expanded by C. Edwards, Woodstock, 1991, p. 660. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, reprinted 1994, pp. 216-217. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF345 Title A name given to the resource Rosewood side chair with caned seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1820-1840 Description An account of the resource Rosewood side chair with tablet back and caned seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/21b2e08bbd2c96f13a26430b7a7e87c1.jpg b659baf9786d86a23b13b73a356ed82b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/836b761bb3cfde2a3ac2727d78e930d1.jpg 3575bc3d844cb831668168bd9bf03efc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1aacc1aaa39bdc846939fba1ac68fa13.jpg 573d0ee3f2a4e0b5edd525b5a333a686 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut footstool in the French Rococo-style of the 1750s has a rectangular stuff-over seat with serpentine seat rails with beaded serpentine edge mouldings. It is raised on moulded hipped cabriole legs with scroll feet. The upholstery cover is modern. This form of footstool was illustrated in mid-19th century trade catalogues, such as H. Wood’s Cheval and Pole Screens (1846) and Supplement to General Furniture Work (1848), and W. Blackie’s The Cabinet-Maker’s Assistant (1853) (Joy, 1994). It was probably made as part of a matching walnut suite to go with an easy chair. For a side chair in similar style, see FPF349. There is a label underneath the seat inscribed ‘Property of House/Nestle Rowntree/Sitting Room 6’, indicating the stool was possibly from Penn House, York, built in 1852 for Joseph Rowntree Snr., a chocolatier, businessman and philanthropist. This historically important house was the principal residence of the Rowntree family for nearly 70 years until c. 1920, when it was sold. Condition Two of the feet have pieces broken off the scrolls. One of the seat edge mouldings has been replaced. Upholstery and top cover and minor repairs by Stuart and Turner 1963. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 23 W. 38 D. 43 Marks Label under the seat, inscribed ‘Property of House/Nestle Rowntree/Sitting Room 6’. Parker Numbers 6255 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons prior to July 1930. Notes Ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, reprinted 1994, pp. 275-277. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF348 Title A name given to the resource Walnut footstool, upholstered. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1870 Description An account of the resource Walnut footstool with cabriole legs, upholstered. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e2c4ad7f622b856d9ab0b3880be0dca4.jpg d3a67fe0adaaff8349131c182e3bf235 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/31bc42b0a403a7fee6b2a2c1d7cc3e48.jpg 4c2155579a87088f864baa5ba580ef28 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8690de651d2723787735eff01122a734.jpg ca5a42cf2431f219c4a20c7a7096f241 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/df39c7a548e34f40294dba256fc99aab.jpg 6faedc2c396ff4711d11b413a9a8c4e2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/05b3115ac67f1a4a5257cfeffbc21be8.jpg 0c40e05c2f949e500d80a02cc3e791a3 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e6e03418444af53d892a4e724add9def.jpg 2e76f13ab3a3425e99460d04d41fcbf4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/045116c7f3036b25c018048437ed92d5.jpg cde4d5965876687acc872c25ed1f0fde https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ebb09d2baaf3d6f4042b17aaca3a3ae5.jpg 877af2f0bed817c6205bf100481c79a3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mid-19th century walnut chair with its balloon-shaped back is in the French rococo style. It is carved with acanthus leaves and scrolls, with asymmetric foliate scrolls in the crest rail and lower rail of the back, and floral motifs on the front seat rail and on the knees of the cabriole legs. The seat and back panel are upholstered, the covers being 20th century. Chairs with balloon backs were introduced by Gillows of Lancaster to commemorate Vincent Lunardi’s attempt at a hot-air balloon flight from Lancaster Castle in 1785. The Gillow design incorporated a central splat inspired by the outline of the balloon, within a shield-shaped or oval back (Stuart, 2008). By the mid-19th century, the term balloon-back was used for any chair with a rounded back, and they were made in a great variety of styles and at different levels of quality and price. This example is relatively simple, well-made and elegant, and would have suited a middle-class household. This is one of a very few Victorian chairs in the Collection; when it was acquired by Frederick Parker in 1912, Victorian styles were very much out of fashion. Condition Re-covered in the 20th century. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 91 W. 48 D. 53 Parker Numbers 1695 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker on 20th June 1912 for 10 shillings. Notes Susan Stuart, Gillows of Lancaster and London, 1730-1840, Antiques Collectors’ Club, 2008, Vol. I, p. 166. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF349 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with balloon back and upholstered seat and back panel. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1870. Description An account of the resource Walnut balloon-back side chair with cabriole front legs and upholstered seat and back panel. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b95a80acf0836596fee6ba46d0d8b1b3.jpg 1a1f16eef134cfae766445789c9c0f18 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/bbee4d34b6153e3bff7f3bf36080f02f.jpg 36f53b228180a569271a08b9e5c17c04 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e2d29340ad86ca568fb719bf37f6f14d.jpg 083b07876a0ea664cba8407eaf2c679b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/42082657c3edd900de3097e4a31886d2.jpg 2e7188a69cfc496a016fc894f6c5a226 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b9a207f814349676185f8352872a9731.jpg b153e3428b55afda0978bc744826ca70 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/20d0b65e344f48ddba2d511575af881f.jpg 49d09fedbd6ed395f8cedf6fa261b720 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/aacccb9772418ff27af47a06126aac91.jpg a48c1183b5900fe06b460f4e0c955ad9 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This upholstered easy armchair has a high rectangular back with a curved and slightly scrolled top edge. The out-scrolled arms are fully upholstered. The deep stuff-over seat has a bow-front and the chair is raised on birch legs, the front legs turned and with brass caps and ceramic castors and the back legs square-section and raked, also on castors. The upholstery and coil springing appears to be original; the cover may be replaced. The upper part of the back and the inner sides are buttoned. In the second half of the 19th century the furniture industry became increasingly concentrated in the larger towns and cities, with manufacturers producing a very wide range of wholesale furniture, which was bought by retailers and exporters. In London the industry became centred in Shoreditch and Bethnal Green (P. Kirkham, 1987). Many of the wholesalers published trade catalogues to promote their furniture to retailers; for example, C. & R. Light of Curtain Road, Shoreditch featured an easy chair of this type in their 1881 trade catalogue, Cabinet Furniture: Designs and Catalogue of Cabinet and Upholstery Furniture, Looking-Glasses, etc. (Joy, 1994). The furniture would be dispatched to retailers across the country by rail and road, and displayed for sale to the public in department stores and shops. Condition The upholstery appears to be original; the cover is probably a replacement. The cover is torn on the arms and seat. Materials Birch. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 81 W. 69 D. 84 Parker Numbers 6247 Provenance In stock with Frederick Parker & Sons in July 1930. Notes Ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, reprinted 1994, pp. xiii, 153. See also P. Kirkham, R. Mace and J. Porter, Furnishing the World, The East London Furniture Trade 1830-1980, Journeyman, 1987. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF360 Title A name given to the resource Upholstered easy armchair with birch legs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860-1890 Description An account of the resource Upholstered easy armchair with birch legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2d494f40c3ed2b79ac5e13c6d21fe94a.jpg b953277c0d2ffdaecfe4c3a40f1aaebe https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5a4c2050b994562c58438f66a0eafbc7.jpg 6758f8ce8a55e808649ea8a23c4ea07f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a67efcc1edeb97920e591af5da077124.jpg 241c119f0a1a786f83fd971fbee16a14 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/177a169a7429d8b688754ddd48e273e2.jpg 99300f160662063720cbe8bba95bfebc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7aef13e8dce1825c8dba206f1ad6c17b.jpg 9f0f562ca69027bc15b6a6b7d30eeb5b Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut upholstered armchair has a high rectangular back with a scrolled top, and curved padded arms with ring-turned walnut arm supports. The upholstered seat is raised on short ring-turned walnut legs at the front with brass-beaded caps and castors, and square-section slightly raked legs at the back with brass castors. The chair has been re-upholstered, with buttoning in the back and seat. The cover is 20th century. The inside of the left back leg is stamped ‘Holland & Sons’. Holland & Sons was one of the largest and most prestigious London cabinet- and chair-making firms of the 19th century. By the 1870s, the firm had exhibited furniture and won prizes in most of the important international exhibitions including: the 1851 Great Exhibition, London; the 1855 Paris Exhibition; the 1862 London International Exhibition and the Paris 1878 Exhibition. By the mid-19th century, they were supplying furniture to the Royal family, the aristocracy and institutions like the Army & Navy Club and The Athenaeum Club. The Holland archive is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum. A similar chair to this was illustrated in the C. & R. Light 1881 trade catalogue, Cabinet Furniture: Designs and Catalogue of Cabinet and Upholstery Furniture, Looking Glasses, etc. (Joy, 1994). C. & R. Light were one of the largest wholesale manufacturers in London, supplying furniture retailers across the country. Condition Front right leg has a small split. Back legs have scratches and scuffs. The chair was re-covered in 1983. Materials American walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 79 W. 69 D. 97 Marks Stamped ‘Holland & Sons’ on left back leg. Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, rev. ed. 1994, pp. xlii, 163. See also: P. Kirkham, R. Mace and J. Porter, Furnishing the World, The East London Furniture Trade 1830-1980, Journeyman Press, 1987. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF361 Title A name given to the resource Walnut upholstered armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870-1900 Description An account of the resource Walnut upholstered armchair. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/03bacd452250f2c1d725117dca10118f.jpg 5fa73fd9d1d2235f6dedf7192e63681a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/67e0f3dd4f0891f5a0ac8815d15bdf7d.jpg 127cc42ccede5a110b65faa56588ac8d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7e1fe99be46f93f03920c94eecb89b0b.jpg 50483b5d1427fe46717e8b3021e40187 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c983d1e6ab132eb2cc7405da44a19830.jpg 3849df4bb422c1e2af5d15bf83ba6d90 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/33e4a2fbde4c29b029f5179a110ceec8.jpg 415aa817e6f65963f80282df2bc5b677 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4f18c06f500e007889635dddade28887.jpg ad23585b64dca3252d1427ddaf9e4819 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This reclining armchair has a high waisted upholstered back which has a curved top and is flared at the corners. Mahogany armrests terminate in carved scrolls and rest on down-swept supports. The mahogany sides are heavily carved in the neo-Grecian manner with quarter fans, stylised anthemion, foliate scrolls and roundels, while the inner faces are upholstered. The upholstered sprung seat is rectangular. The chair is raised on mahogany legs which at the front are square at the top, carved with lotus flowers and leaves, and turned below with rings and inverted balusters, terminating in brass caps and castors. The back legs are flared, with scrolled feet fitted with brass caps and castors. The chair back reclines via a hidden ratchet and spring mechanism which is operated by a button in the right-hand arm. The upholstery has been replaced and covered in a green leatherette, with buttoning in the back and seat; there are remnants of original crimson leather under the fretwork on the side of the chair. This would have been a very expensive chair when new. A similar chair pattern is illustrated in W. Smee & Sons’ Designs for Furniture (1850-55) (Joy, 1994). The firm had a reputation for making good quality furniture and exhibited at the 1862 London Exhibition and the 1867 and 1878 Paris Exhibitions. This chair has an associated date of 1856, although the source is not known. An early example of a reclining armchair, c. 1813, by William Pocock, is illustrated in Rudolph Ackermann’s The Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashion and Politics, March 1813, pl. 49 (Edwards, 1998-1999). Between 1827 and 1863, more than twenty British patents were granted for improvements to reclining chairs. In 1830, one of the most well-known reclining chair businesses, George & John Minter of Princess Street, Soho, London, received a patent for a ‘fully automatic’ reclining chair, and in 1845, the same firm issued new models built with a crank in the arm to turn an Archimedes’ screw which controlled the angle of recline. In the latter part of the 19th century, adjustable-back easy armchairs and leather-covered and buttoned reclining chairs in mahogany, oak, or walnut finish were sold as ‘club, reading room or boardroom chairs’ (ibid.). George Hunzinger, one of the most successful American innovators, designed a number of patented folding, rocking, and reclining chairs. In February 1866, he patented a reclining chair mechanism based on a ratchet built into the arms that were linked to pivots on the back rails. By lifting the arm and repositioning the ratchet, the back reclined at various angles (ibid.). Condition The ratchet mechanism is broken. The chair is possibly missing a sliding foot-rest and may have had a book rest. One of the castors on the back legs is broken but is likely to be original to the chair; the others have been replaced. Materials Mahogany. Beech. Upholstery. Steel. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 111 W. 79 D. 89 Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, rev. ed. 1994, pp. xxix, 265. C. Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, London, 1996,. p. 338, figs. 649-651. C. Edwards, ‘Reclining Chairs Surveyed: Health, Comfort, and Fashion in Evolving Markets’, Studies in the Decorative Arts, Fall-Winter 1998-1999, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 32-67. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF362 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany upholstered reclining armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1865 Description An account of the resource Mahogany upholstered reclining armchair.