11 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9f1d0be15d934309da5954b7a2feaf3a.jpg 714286788cec6e7381290fbd7d1265ec https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/17db3e84a8cc2cc8d96fb1da913cfdcd.jpg 50b58f767814638e2085fc633d096695 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/83a7bcadac24a83f6d11506c85e03da1.jpg 7f0772a4692bf15f1b428097ca3eda55 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/57ee878d61eb0e12f016ae655dec5983.jpg fce849b21259f0aff72b834be8f572d4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/82be879602f8bd0fa7be3a2e8282cf0f.jpg 3c96654cc248901a29a1520c6a8e8d30 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This tub armchair has a mahogany frame with a high curved rectangular back and arms enclosing fitted upholstery. The arms are curved out and meet down-swept supports moulded with sunk panels, which join the tops of the front legs. The seat rails are also upholstered and there is a loose, deeply padded cushion. The front legs are square-section and tapering, also moulded with sunk panels, and terminate in spade feet. The back legs are square-section and flared. The upholstery is 20th century with a red-brown leather cover. This form of easy chair is possibly related to sofa designs published by Hepplewhite in The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide, 1789 and 1794, where he specified that ‘the woodwork of which should be either mahogany or japanned’ and the recommended covering was ‘red morocco leather’ (White, 1990). Condition Repaired 21st June 1921 for £4.15.0. The back legs are tipped. There is a patch on the left-hand arm rest. Materials Mahogany. Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 W. 66 D. 74 Parker Numbers 865. 2289. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons pre 1914 from Thornton Smith for £3.0.0. Notes E. White, ed., Pictorial Dictionary of British 18th Century Furniture Design, Antique Collectors’ Club, 1990, p.116-7, Plates 25 and 21. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF264 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany upholstered tub armchair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1780-1800 Description An account of the resource Mahogany upholstered tub armchair. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f13566086029e2d43a994ebf3fc5fa14.jpg 85438b1ffa8448f4c45960d2818e25b6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e6d9316a687c61407e7a1137340819cf.jpg 8a1f27aadda1d8a327b71c01e9444b55 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/351a52473729d0229dc29c1e2a2b9fdb.jpg b453a0d7e9812cf6ab418d94ce732cce https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9ca5e4663ee1738b1168dc8d7e6cc85e.jpg 0ba8646450316d3d55e33eb3ff191b17 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/928ace51ce2a5adcba67485994a56b65.jpg ce1fb5da05ff26ad73ac4fc3908673b5 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This mahogany writing chair has a continuous back and arm bow, the crest raised and rounded and the arms flat and terminating in scrolls. The bow is supported on four turned posts rising from the legs, and there is a pierced and interlaced baluster splat in the back and a pair of turned columns under each arm, rising from the seat rail. The seat rail is curved to match the back and arm bow, and has a serpentine front. There is a drop-in seat covered in a 20th century green leather, now faded to brown. The chair is raised on square-section chamfered legs joined by cross stretchers. The design of this chair, with its shallow seat, allows it to be drawn up close to a table or desk, for use in a study or library. Its development illustrates the ingenuity of chair-makers, who were adapting fashionable designs to create different and useful forms of seating. See FPF297 for an example of a library, or reading chair. Condition Repair to front seat rail at right hand end. Splat may be replaced. Front right leg replaced. Front left leg repaired at joint with seat rail. The seat frame is strengthened with iron brackets. The leather cover for the drop-in seat is cracked with friable tears. Materials Mahogany. Ash seat rails. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 79 W. 69 D. 48 Marks The front seat rail is incised ‘4’. Parker Numbers OM 6236. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons prior to May 1930 (A63). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF149 Title A name given to the resource Mahogany writing chair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1770-1780 Description An account of the resource Mahogany writing chair with pierced splat back and drop-in seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ae61e24ee5a4505baa7114a59371a209.jpg 36a37eff80ac7d2f7113d60b476a5e01 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/41757bcf4649de1fcb51af95ceb092cf.jpg 12fea41aec3b7d21a5f46d8012c2c2c4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/42a648d5218520d73dd0525df5280112.jpg d56e050a927fb6fb4ebd5647961615e5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/16d899902d5adba10b7723f51dcbe44c.jpg 2c27f63690e8694f0ebc6368a2663043 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ce66f5cafb2474fe0cd7a06773d38452.jpg 379e3138ac3b79db0b3daf511278a249 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7810a4826e60a1bb93eebfa46d4efbe1.jpg e4a52618e157b2caaad1ce78caac4631 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This armchair has a metal alloy frame with a fitted upholstered back and a loose upholstered seat cushion. The arms are padded and have wooden tips, and rest on curved supports which are continuous with the tapering front legs. The back posts are curved to provide lumbar support and are continuous with the back legs, which are also tapered and raked. The seat cushion and upholstered back rest on Parker Knoll tension springs; those in the seat are hooked into Parker Knoll webbing whilst in the back they are held by small caps along the back posts. The back cushion is attached to the frame by thumb screws at the bottom corners. The upholstery covers have been replaced. The PK707 Toledo was developed by Parker Knoll in 1946-7 in anticipation of revised post-war Utility scheme regulations. Alloy metals were available from the disarmament of military equipment, and this seemed like a viable material for furniture while timber was still in short supply. It was made until 1950 when production of chairs with more familiar, and much less heavy, wooden frames had been fully restored. The Toledo was available in spray-painted colours described as light oak and walnut (Bland, 1995). Condition The paint is badly chipped and flaking in many places. The upholstery has suffered moth infestation and is damaged in numerous places. Materials Cast metal alloy. Wooden back rail and tips to armrests. Steel tension springs. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 87 W. 69 D. 77 Marks Parker-Knoll Reg. Design No 853391 – stamped into back seat rail. Parker Knoll branded webbing for the springs. Parker Numbers PK707. Provenance Acquired for the Collection by Jonathan Arnold, c.2000. Notes Stephen Bland, Take A Seat: the Story of Parker Knoll 1834-1994, Baron, 1995, p.115-118, see also illustrations of the Toledo chair on p. 117, top right and p. 118 top left. Paul Evans and Peter Doyle, The 1940s Home, Shire Publications Ltd, 2016. Related material can be seen in the Parker Knoll Archive, including upholstery cutting plan and assembly diagram, held at the London Metropolitan University. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF452 Title A name given to the resource Metal framed armchair with upholstered back and loose seat cushion, Parker Knoll Toledo PK707. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-1950 Description An account of the resource Metal framed armchair with upholstered back and loose seat cushion, Parker Knoll Toledo PK707. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f04810e3b1c38627ff81232b267c4f05.jpg 2d33e22def27e67a8861b0effbebf2fb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/55b9a5738cdf07f971436654962b0a7e.jpg 474a9cb52cb6452c8c6fdc32e5452dc5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1732e9fc8b76fc5a07a951b512b724f5.jpg acd38a5fbb12a551674fb993b7dca28a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b31f975bd9563e878d147b1a34cfbd33.jpg 2948adf773d1cef5c277ddb8789d89d8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5d6d6c5750621910ed85d20a81a32c47.jpg 5b6e808a0f19d3eda63d4893cb500461 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak armchair has a high concave back with four bars, curved arms and arm supports and a drop-in upholstered seat. The design is in the ‘Cotswold’ Arts and Crafts style and with a matching side chair is attributed to Edward Barnsley (1900–1987). It is widely assumed the chair was originally intended for use at the coronation of Edward VIII, which was to have taken place at Westminster Abbey on 12th May 1937. However, Edward abdicated in December 1936, and it was his brother, King George VI whose coronation took place on that day. Some of these chairs were used at George VI’s coronation, and that of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, and they were also supplied as office chairs to government departments; this example is marked with a crown and the initials AM under the seat rail, indicating that it was supplied to the Air Ministry. There appears to be no direct evidence that Edward Barnsley designed this chair, although it is in his style. Neither is there evidence that the design was specifically for Edward VIII’s coronation, although this is a common assumption; see for example, a set of eight chairs of this design offered for sale by Sotheby’s in 1990, described as 1937 Coronation chairs designed by Edward Barnsley (Sothebys sale, 1990). In a more recent sale, one chair was noted with a George V stamp, meaning it must have been made in 1936 or earlier, another has a George VI Coronation stamp (1937), and yet another was made by R. Foster & Son of Wigan in 1952, which indicates the chair was in production from c.1935 to c.1952 (Bonhams sale, October 2020). In another sale later the same year, a further set of chairs included one stamped GRV and another stamped ER, confirming that the design was manufactured over almost 20 years (The Saleroom, Dec 2020). Large numbers of the chair may have been commissioned in preparation for Edward VIII’s coronation, but it would appear that following the abdication, they were supplied by the Ministry of Works for other royal and government uses, and further batches were manufactured from time to time up to the early 1950s. Many of the chairs were manufactured by Glenister of High Wycombe (fl. 1830s-1990). Condition Good. Seat cover replaced. Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 93 W. 59 D. 56 Marks Marked with the initials 'AM' under a crown in gold paint on the underside of the back seat rail; the number 752 has been impressed into the inside face of the same rail. Provenance Purchased online from a private sale for the Frederick Parker Collection in 2017. Notes Sources for this piece: <a href="https://www.barnsley-furniture.co.uk/about/our-heritage/">Our Heritage | Edward Barnsley Workshop</a> <a href="https://reader.exacteditions.com/issues/51170/page/8">Antique Collecting, June 2016</a> <a href="https://wycombemuseum.org.uk/collections/photographic-collection/glenisters-chair-factory-bellfield-road" title="Glenister’s chair factory, Bellfield Road">Glenister’s chair factory, Bellfield Road | Wycombe Museum</a> <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2019/made-in-britain/edward-barnsley-set-of-six-chairs-and-two">EDWARD BARNSLEY | SET OF SIX CHAIRS AND TWO ARMCHAIRS | Made in Britain | | Sotheby's</a> <a href="https://www.bonhams.com/auction/26267/lot/18/attributed-to-edward-barnsley-set-of-six-dining-chairs-and-two-armchairs-designed-for-the-coronation-of-edward-viii-1936-produced-1930s-1950s/">Set of six dining chairs and two armchairs, designed for the coronation of Edward VIII | Bonham's</a> <a href="https://www.the-saleroom.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/mallams-ltd-oxford/catalogue-id-srmalla10101/lot-b2b8ed54-f885-46ee-8079-ac7100a8abf9">Manner of Edward Barnsley (1900-1987) A set of six chairs, reputedly designed for the coronation | The Saleroom</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF499 Title A name given to the resource Oak armchair with upholstered drop-in seat, design attributed to Edward Barnsley, possibly for Edward VIII’s coronation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Designed c.1935, made 1936-1952. Description An account of the resource An oak armchair with an upholstered drop-in seat, possibly designed for Edward VIII’s coronation in 1937. The design has been attributed to Edward Barnsley. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d256856f8caeaf3a872801eaad3bc896.jpg 6ed70e630d574339c4ac3afa2b87664f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c0cbcf81747ac0d807102253518f340e.jpg b71c57e4f0204d09eed654fc627c01a6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0db854c998212effda52c97da0b0fe2c.jpg 962b84254d1062957be959b65e4c0c39 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0899a30b5dcc3e04dcc65954cbc3b173.jpg 3b08fbad1456e32fedf1faff5fe8ae6d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9427d914a488ab77e64ef69a2a3ca802.jpg 52b4b2fd622c06b14e351fdbdaeb6d11 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak backstool has mouldings on the back posts and rails as well as along the seat rails and stretchers. The frame is ‘joined’, meaning it is made by a joiner using mortice and tenon joints, secured with wooden pegs. The front legs are turned with bobbin and reel forms, ending in ball feet, now partly worn. The back posts are raked at a slight angle for added comfort, and the back legs have raked heels to prevent the chair from tipping back. The seat is boarded and would probably have had a moulded edge which is now missing. The back may have had a carved crest which is now missing. Backstools were known as such simply because they were derived from stools. They are amongst the earliest forms of English chairs, introduced from the continent in the early 17th century. The almost square back panel on this chair and the shaping of the back and heels suggest a date in the last quarter of the 17th century. Backstools from the first half of the century generally have an upright back and rectangular back panel. Many such chairs were upholstered, often with leather or ’turkeywork’, an English woollen cloth made in imitation of imported rugs from the eastern Mediterranean. This was a parlour chair or dining chair, of a type which became relatively common in the homes of the emerging middle classes in the mid-17th century, gradually replacing stools and benches which formed the main seating furniture prior to this date. Backstools were often listed in contemporary inventories, but by the 1670s this type of chair was becoming old-fashioned, particularly in London homes. They were being replaced by comparably priced caned chairs made in walnut or beech, often decoratively turned and carved, and generally used with a squab, or stuffed cushion. They were made in London from around 1660 and by the 1690s were more common than backstools. Beyond London, backstools continued to be made into the early 18th century. This chair might have been made in the North West of England, where there was a strong tradition in such furniture. It has an unusually low seat, suggesting it might have been used as a nursing chair. The boarded seat and panel back would have meant a less expensive chair than one with upholstery, but it would have been more robust and less prone to damage or wear and tear. Condition In good original condition. Crest and seat edge missing. Feet worn. Materials Oak. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 81 W. 43 D. 48 Parker Numbers 6250 Provenance Not recorded, but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002, pp.68-83. For a comparable backstool with leather upholstery, 1692, see Plate 3:23 Victor Chinnery, Oak Furniture; The British Tradition, Antique Collectors Club, 1995, pp. 278-279. For other backstools in the Frederick Parker Collection see FPF006, 008, 413 and 414. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF005 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1700 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back, and turned front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25745115c9423a31d5cba4c1eceb5cf9.jpg 1603bede806867814fb6757719249998 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2407a70a8e80b7dcb1ac26ee56b147bc.jpg fc062c8d06d83d7e012e51f2be7551d5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5bd7d0c3e512d2393e52fb5909e72fa2.jpg 911a4925680e4b0ea95261659136c7bc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/46f7f7d319d949a227723797295d3dda.jpg c359cd363f9dd15a6f68a40e77739c66 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/144bf0967a0f63f1e003cbc45afab1e4.jpg 7561ccdc9ef587edd5eb2378897acb39 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak chair has a raked rectangular upholstered back with squared back posts; the back cushion and front faces of the posts are covered in leather secured with double rows of brass dome-headed nails. The seat is also rectangular and similarly upholstered and covered. The front legs are bobbin-turned with squared blocks at the joints, while the back legs are squared and continuous with the back posts. There is a reel and bobbin-turned front stretcher, with two squared side stretchers on either side and one at the back. The upholstery is modern and the leather covers have been aged or may be re-used. This is a good copy of a 17th century backstool, probably made at the end of the 19th century. This is apparent in the clean-cut oak, with few signs of age or wear and tear. It was almost certainly made as a fake, intended to deceive, and since Frederick Parker paid 10 shillings for it in 1914 it may be assumed he believed this was a period chair. It has been taken for a period chair up to now, but on close examination there seems little doubt it is a copy. There is re-used timber in the back seat rail, which has part of a carved arch; using old timber in the making of fakes was common in the 19th century trade as a way of confusing customers. A period chair of this style would be dated 1675-85, based in part by the shape of the back, being rectangular rather than square; from around 1680 the rectangular back became more square and by the end of the century the fashion was for increasingly tall backs. For other backstools in the Frederick Parker Collection see FPF005, 008, 413 and 414; another example is in the Museum of the Home (illustrated in Bowett, 2002). Condition Back seat rail is re-used wood, with old tool marks. The stretchers appear to be re-used wood; the front stretcher has woodworm and may be walnut. 20th century upholstery using old or aged leather Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H 83 W 48 D 45 Parker Numbers OM 3305. 2399 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1914, at a cost of 10 shillings. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002, p. 80, Plate 3:22). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF006 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, upholstered with leather covers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910 Description An account of the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, bobbin-turned and upholstered with leather covers. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/63afb90ea162bc744c2040b9d10826a3.jpg 1da971e40e03c126c69ff53d599ad75a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c2840dcee50dd302811e11a770704e85.jpg 3c9dcab01491720c627a06c79188c687 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f7d8949d71c419fdfe43990558314b22.jpg 14a88064fd66e0e930939d583b6dde99 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4cc8e494c4421814dbffeeb23577d464.jpg 9a48c1ec4d0c6dac10181c9072866128 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak backstool has a rectangular panelled back set within moulded posts, beneath a raised crest carved with foliate scrolls on either side of a central flower, the posts with carved scrolls to the tops. A lower back rail is positioned at seat level. The back is slightly raked and the back legs, which are continuous with the posts, are upright. The seat is boarded and rests on rails tenoned into the legs. The front legs are turned with bobbins and reels, with squared blocks at the joints. There is a front stretcher which is turned with reels and balusters, with squared ends. There are two stretchers each side and one back stretcher. The ball-turned feet are missing. The overall form, proportions and decoration of this joined oak backstool indicate a date of 1680-1700. On earlier chairs the rectangular back was narrower in height. Gradually, backs became square and on later chairs, from around 1690, the fashion was for very high backs. The carved crest rail with its scrolled leaves and central flower is typical of late-17th century decoration. The front stretcher, turned with reels and positioned high off the ground, is also a late-17th century feature; on earlier backstools the front stretchers are generally plain, like the side and back stretchers here, and they are positioned at the same level as the lower side stretchers, close to the floor. Chairs like this, known as backstools, would have been for daily use in the parlour or dining room. Often in smaller or less prosperous households there was a single room where the family gathered for meals and where guests would have been received. Armchairs were still relatively scarce; there might have been a few backstools but most people would have sat on stools and benches at this period. The term ‘joined’ refers both to the maker, a joiner who was a skilled craftsman making furniture and panelling, and the structure of the chair, which is a framework joined with mortice and tenon joints, secured with wooden pegs and glue. In this example there is no upholstery, which would have kept the cost down, but upholstered backstools covered with leather or turkeywork (an English woollen cloth with a pattern derived from Turkish carpets) were also popular with more prosperous households. This backstool might have been made in the North West of England, where there was a strong tradition for oak furniture, and chairs of this type were made into the early 18th century. Condition The front and back legs, the front stretcher and the crest rail on this chair appear to be original. The seat boards, back panel and the side and rear stretchers are later replacements. Turned feet are missing. There are traces of black stain or varnish, possibly used to disguise the use of newer timber for the replacement parts. Materials Oak. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 100 W. 50 D. 46 Parker Numbers 6239 Provenance Not recorded, but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes See Victor Chinnery, Oak, The British Tradition, Antique Collectors Club, 1979, p.278 and pp.518-9. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF008 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1680-1700. Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back with a carved crest rail and turned front legs and stretcher. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/051698f02c9791ce5da493b05aebab1a.jpg 5cdd4249b03e208f39f4338bed482e43 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/1d22dd845fb0ce0f0b92099a108037c0.jpg c76394d949294728fe394743056c503f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8adcbd41ff6bea2d54d7831eb3972ddc.jpg a829dc9d42a0a31630347616d4275ff1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8658f795eddb5a32179c006abb27a841.jpg d5fb38cbb3a6648e7e7c8ef0e8ef8bee https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a3e52822179a6744fa30fc1aac26b503.jpg 76712041db519cc0c21ffc7587c648f9 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f833d9e59efaa30002d29fb64539b827.jpg 54d78078d69c386955c836b103145bb5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c381849b167781a99e031347b98f52dd.jpg 8c73cc2734f3ea6f3b89cabd2423555b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a1230a1b1c8bdb13e5169e1bad93972a.jpg 57df4498395dde805aaf9c8911e004af https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/31ef2455aa0a4734a3b958ec80f79be5.jpg 07a261b9656355e3a337ad6ac57f80b7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/79d9155c59c8d7c3f92991ef4b0875a0.jpg 76b9cb0ff8185c1561cd65e7c9930024 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This is a rare example of a 17th century oak backstool with its original upholstery and covers. The oak frame is ‘joined’, that is, made by a joiner using mortice and tenon joints fastened with oak pegs. The upholstered back is rectangular, with square section posts which are slightly raked, and cross rails. The back legs are continuous with the posts and vertical below the seat. The stuff-over seat rests on rails joined to the legs with mortice and tenon joints. The front legs are turned with reels and have squared blocks at the joints, ending with turned bun feet. The four stretchers are plain. The upholstery is stuffed with straw and hay and the covers are leather, fixed with dome-headed nails. The height of the back and its horizontally rectangular shape suggests the chair dates to between 1670 and 1685; after this date English chair backs tended to be either square, or more commonly, vertically rectangular. From the 1690s until around 1720, the fashion was for exceptionally tall backs. The presence of the original upholstery sets this chair apart as a rare survival. The stuffing, which is visible where the leather has perished, appears to be mainly straw and hay. The best quality leather used for upholstery at this period was Russian, imported from the Baltic ports. The hide was very durable, due to the long tanning process; the leather was finished in a rolling press which left a pattern of diagonal lines in the surface. On this chair, however, there are no signs of the diamond pattern, so the leather could either have been imported from elsewhere - Turkey was an alternative source - or it could be English hide. The leather was generally nailed to the chair with domed tacks, as here, although often in double rows. The front faces of the back posts between the seat and back were also leather-covered, as in this case (Bowett, 2002). Of particular interest are the four ties visible in the centre of the seat, known as double-stuff stitching, to help hold the stuffing in place. The cost of the wood and making the frame of such chairs was often much less than that of the covering, which if not leather might be Turkeywork, an English woollen cloth woven in a pattern and colours to resemble Turkish rugs; or needlework; or a woven fine cloth such as serge or camlet. More expensive chairs, with more turning and carving in the frame, would have merited more expensive fabrics, like silk. Caned chairs gradually became a more popular and fashionable alternative to joined chairs by the end of the 17th century. Condition The leather has perished in places. Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 90 W. 54 D. 47 Provenance Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation at Christie’s, 2 July 2003. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1660-1714, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 80-83. For a similar chair in the Collection see FPF413. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF414 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with original upholstery on seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1690 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool with reel-turned front legs and original leather covered upholstery on the seat and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a269ce4146e2ff5492128f7d866a7181.jpg cca51f7711ee1265f0beeccfc9d1fbda https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e00fcdf15a436b78cd7665786205dbce.jpg 61b9664703aa2b90d3806242c7b23cd6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b385ad447ca5b14f3cfbdfa8d5c6153f.jpg 1bac877700d28260c593e4dc0e195852 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a43d79fc647269ca8314ed92fb5d7700.jpg ee9a221bcbc11635fd0b7c840ef08689 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25fb62974a2785c1c5e4bca302d5c99a.jpg c0915c6fa2fa4a2203b50f794e79a9d3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A rare survival, this joined oak backstool has had no major repairs and retains the original upholstery and leather covers. It is typical of the joined furniture made in England in the second half of the 17th century, with an oak frame, constructed with mortice and tenon joints secured with oak pegs. The front legs are turned while the rest of the frame is squared. The back posts are slightly raked above the seat, and the back itself is rectangular, indicating a date of around 1680; on later chairs the backs were more often square and then became taller, resulting in the high-back chairs of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. On this chair the feet have been cut off, probably because they were worn and damaged. The torn leather cover reveals the straw used as stuffing material. The leather is nailed to the frame with large dome-headed tacks and covers not just the seat and back but also the front faces of the back posts where they are seen above the seat, which was the normal practice with leather covers. Chairs such as this were quite common in the homes of tradesmen, merchants and professionals in the late 17th century, as recorded in inventories. They were called backstools because they had developed from stools, which until then were the most common form of seating. As homes became more comfortably furnished, and were increasingly used for receiving guests, chairs were more widely purchased, either with plain wooden seats, or with matted, i.e. rush seats. More expensive chairs were upholstered with either leather or cloth. Chairs with caned seats and backs were introduced from the mid-1660s and had become a popular and fashionable alternative to oak backstools by the end of the century (Bowett, 2002). Condition In good original condition. Feet missing. Original upholstery and leather covers, now torn and damaged. Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 94 W. 56 D. 54 Provenance Purchased by the Frederick Parker Foundation, 2nd July 2003, from Christie’s, South Kensington, lot 15, the property of the late James Frederick Ridge, Lancashire. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1660-1714, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 80-83. For a similar chair in the Collection, see FPF414. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF413 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with original upholstery to seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1690 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool with turned front legs and original leather covered upholstery on the seat and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/adc7c86f7995d9bc39f9d40f9eaa8aaf.jpg 7beadb5f495314947100b7171216f441 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9f6eecd9faf2af507474ab2df7a72843.jpg 817599df616698ee7555c195f89f7876 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/b4f3bbc0e6fcddedee80622a071a332b.jpg e31d72e86075f8d69f2f81763decf2d4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2c03daf895ceb59ad9c843a25c23aa50.jpg ba104106753a65a515e821963adb4758 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak gout stool has a concertina frame adjustable by means of two ratchets which allow the stool to be raised or lowered. There are brass hooks which keep the ratchets in place. The stool has lost its top panel, which would probably have been upholstered; there are holes in the side rails which would have been for fixing the panel with pegs or screws. This oak stool is a close copy of gout stools made in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, usually in mahogany. A. Hepplewhite and Co.’s The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide; or, Repository of designs for every article of household furniture, 1st edition, 1788, included an illustration of a gout stool, and stated: ‘the construction of which, by being so easily raised or lowered at either hand, is particularly useful to the afflicted’. An identical design for this gout stool was featured in The London Chairmakers’ and Carvers’ Book of Prices (1823) (Joy, 1994). Condition Top panel (probably upholstered) missing. Two brass hooks missing. Materials Oak. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 25 W. 64 D. 43 Provenance In the Collection prior to 1993. Notes J. Gloag, A Complete Dictionary of Furniture, revised and expanded by C. Edwards, Woodstock, 1991, pp. 368-369. Ed. E. Joy, Pictorial Dictionary of British 19th Century Furniture Design, Woodbridge, reprinted 1994, p. 264. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF393 Title A name given to the resource Oak gout stool frame. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870-1890 Description An account of the resource Oak gout stool frame.