1 10 191 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2783d0eca05faf502cff9bd298596fb2.jpg 98f7559f2ecfcc86da571cc67de97c1d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4679fbdabbda32135d176e84a1539eef.jpg f3c514465e7b84e9795af006113aabe5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/e794715c84401b302cfb9f0d572d14a6.jpg e25b43621fbee8c695c7aa598fd786d2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5b9705b5980db3f089325a7aef5b7c46.jpg fe247357cdef2fdaa59978217fe1348a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/166126ff053cf2a2550bc6e7dd92a711.jpg 4d1d7d7c2cc6133bfc09d25d2c0401a8 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Materials Walnut. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 99 W. 71 D. 51 Condition The legs and stretchers are distressed to give the appearance of age, and the side stretchers have been flattened to look as if they are worn, although any actual wear on side stretchers would be unusual. Full Description A walnut armchair in 17th century style, with a twist-turned and carved frame and upholstered seat cushion and back. The arms are the only parts of the chair which date from the 17th century and are Continental. They each terminate in a carved crouching lion clasping a ball between the front paws. The arms are partly upholstered, and the carved ends rest on twist-turned supports which rise from the seat rails. The chair frame has squared back posts with carved tops, also in the form of lions’ heads and paws; the posts are continuous with the back legs, which are twist-turned with squared blocks at the joints with the seat rails and side stretchers. The back and seat are upholstered; the seat has webbing across the frame and a cover cloth, with a thick loose cushion; the upholstery is covered with a modern figured velvet. The front and back legs are twist-turned and joined by H-form stretchers and further stretchers at the front and back, all twist-turned with squared blocks at the joints. The feet are ball-turned. The chair was made by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1930 using the pair of Continental mid-17th century carved walnut arms. It is in the style of 17th century chairs; for example, it has similarities with a ball-turned state chair at Knole dating to the 1660s (Bowett, 2002), but the fashion for twist-turning came a decade or so later than this, in the 1670s and 1680s, when chairs generally had frames which were less boxy and backs which were more vertical than horizontal. The seat with its deep cushion is designed for comfort in the 20th century. For a similar chair made by Parker Knoll in 1948, see FPF380. Parker Numbers 6369 Provenance Arms purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons for £5.15.0. The chair was made by Frederick Parker & Sons in August 1930. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors' Club, 2002, p. 70, Pl. 3.3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Walnut armchair, turned and carved, with upholstered seat cushion and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930, with arms 1630-1660 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF001 Description An account of the resource Walnut armchair, twist-turned and carved, with upholstered seat cushion and back. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/62a1b0883dba54b1810f7f9af5dfdcae.jpg 71a8d232201954c5f5bc2202c3e95bd2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/ef3392d1f065287f65b1929668ee25f5.jpg ca8b19e2b1042cfdf9e98eff977f78a2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/41e750ca03e6ea754d7ac1bab151f7d1.jpg 6f060057018e1d4e45dc89c1dc0b2622 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/aaa0828581b5aca88ae61b186ce02f28.jpg 1f8818fb6d8f0717601891a924e41b27 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9e7ea90e464f4a9ecb743d117aff9e22.jpg 72fd0e0d26d01f5fcd41f78550a61466 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4fe95081b614897b92f0676be4da3086.jpg b660997dbcfeaca8c511a5e6b059e740 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/516f55537558253f2353afbe702c9a8f.jpg 74d05a50611076b83d085566363e8664 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/920ad7af83763a3bc83b16aa82bb3f42.jpg d6529a41de02fff190ddc521ab8a5619 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/60d0d36201c424f03a1a09f8156c7440.jpg 7296e89c5ae6fc3a78f6b537d6ed92f7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2a43f37f5df737851797e82e5acd95b1.jpg 372459e2b7262ceb7025a20928a30c8e https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/bafc62091a29a83bba6e5cebceea5c1e.jpg dd1772f5f2127a0e612fa6d5e1042157 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This caned side chair is made of walnut with caned panels in the seat and back. The high ‘banister’ back is formed of turned and carved banister-style posts either side of four carved panels framing a caned centre panel. The back panels comprise the crest rail, carved with a peacock with its tail feathers fanned out, flanked by foliate scrolls, two side rails and a lower rail, similarly carved with scrolls and eagles. The back posts are turned; above the seat there are twist-turned elements with bobbin and reel turnings at the top, middle and bottom; at the junctions with the back rails there are squared blocks with each of the front faces carved with a single flower, and there are turned finials at the tops. The back legs are continuous with the posts, turned and with squared blocks at the joints and feet. The seat is a frame with moulded edges and a central caned panel. It is joined into the back legs and rests on top of the front legs, which are fitted to the underside of the seat with dowel joints. The front legs are turned with reel and bobbin turnings at the top and carved below in the ‘horsebone’ shape with foliate carving and scrolled feet. The front stretcher is carved with scrolls and an eagle. There are H stretchers, turned with square blocks at the joints and a higher turned stretcher at the back. The chair was re-caned in 1984. This is a good example of a caned chair dating between 1690 and 1710. By this date the fashion for high-backed chairs was well advanced, reaching its peak by around 1720; the upright back legs here suggest an earlier date than the raked back legs which were introduced from around 1710 and offered greater stability as the height of the backs increased. The type of framed seat in this chair was introduced soon after 1700, an innovation compared with earlier caned chairs where the seat rails were mortice and tenon jointed into the four legs. And the ‘horsebone’ style for the front legs was in fashion between around 1690 and 1710 (Bowett, 2002). Caned chairs were introduced in the early 1660s, an innovation made possible by the import of rattan by the East India Company. They became especially popular in London as fashionable but relatively inexpensive furniture, typically being half the cost of an upholstered chair. The best of the caned chairs were made in walnut, and were finely carved and ‘fine-caned’, which meant the caning was done with thinly cut strands of cane woven in a close mesh through closely spaced holes in the frame. In this case, although the chair is walnut and richly carved, it is not of the precision and detail of the highest quality work, and the caning is quite broad and widely spaced, not the fine cane of the most expensive chairs. It would probably have been made for the relatively wealthy merchant and professional ‘middling sort’ rather than the aristocracy or Royal Household. Few caned chairs were made outside London at this period, and their manufacture was concentrated in the area around St Paul’s Cathedral (Dewing, 2008). Condition The back posts have been restored and the finials replaced. When purchased the caned panels in the seat and back had been replaced with upholstery; this was removed and the caning was restored in 1984. Materials Walnut. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 122 W. 48 D. 53 Parker Numbers OM 5826 Provenance Details not recorded, but the chair was acquired for the Collection prior to 1984. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors Club, 2002. For a similar chair with peacock carvings at Montacute House, see, p.263, plate 8:63. David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture Vol. XXII, 2008. See also Laurie Lindey, ‘Thomas Warden (c.1660-1701) and Cane Chair-Makers in the City of London’, Furniture History, Vol. LII, 2016. The inventory of Thomas Warden, cane chair maker, records both phoenix and peacock chairs. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF002 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back and peacock carving. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690-1710 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back, richly carved with scrolls, peacocks and eagles and with ‘horsebone’ front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d256856f8caeaf3a872801eaad3bc896.jpg 6ed70e630d574339c4ac3afa2b87664f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c0cbcf81747ac0d807102253518f340e.jpg b71c57e4f0204d09eed654fc627c01a6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0db854c998212effda52c97da0b0fe2c.jpg 962b84254d1062957be959b65e4c0c39 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/0899a30b5dcc3e04dcc65954cbc3b173.jpg 3b08fbad1456e32fedf1faff5fe8ae6d https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9427d914a488ab77e64ef69a2a3ca802.jpg 52b4b2fd622c06b14e351fdbdaeb6d11 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak backstool has mouldings on the back posts and rails as well as along the seat rails and stretchers. The frame is ‘joined’, meaning it is made by a joiner using mortice and tenon joints, secured with wooden pegs. The front legs are turned with bobbin and reel forms, ending in ball feet, now partly worn. The back posts are raked at a slight angle for added comfort, and the back legs have raked heels to prevent the chair from tipping back. The seat is boarded and would probably have had a moulded edge which is now missing. The back may have had a carved crest which is now missing. Backstools were known as such simply because they were derived from stools. They are amongst the earliest forms of English chairs, introduced from the continent in the early 17th century. The almost square back panel on this chair and the shaping of the back and heels suggest a date in the last quarter of the 17th century. Backstools from the first half of the century generally have an upright back and rectangular back panel. Many such chairs were upholstered, often with leather or ’turkeywork’, an English woollen cloth made in imitation of imported rugs from the eastern Mediterranean. This was a parlour chair or dining chair, of a type which became relatively common in the homes of the emerging middle classes in the mid-17th century, gradually replacing stools and benches which formed the main seating furniture prior to this date. Backstools were often listed in contemporary inventories, but by the 1670s this type of chair was becoming old-fashioned, particularly in London homes. They were being replaced by comparably priced caned chairs made in walnut or beech, often decoratively turned and carved, and generally used with a squab, or stuffed cushion. They were made in London from around 1660 and by the 1690s were more common than backstools. Beyond London, backstools continued to be made into the early 18th century. This chair might have been made in the North West of England, where there was a strong tradition in such furniture. It has an unusually low seat, suggesting it might have been used as a nursing chair. The boarded seat and panel back would have meant a less expensive chair than one with upholstery, but it would have been more robust and less prone to damage or wear and tear. Condition In good original condition. Crest and seat edge missing. Feet worn. Materials Oak. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 81 W. 43 D. 48 Parker Numbers 6250 Provenance Not recorded, but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002, pp.68-83. For a comparable backstool with leather upholstery, 1692, see Plate 3:23 Victor Chinnery, Oak Furniture; The British Tradition, Antique Collectors Club, 1995, pp. 278-279. For other backstools in the Frederick Parker Collection see FPF006, 008, 413 and 414. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF005 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1670-1700 Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back, and turned front legs. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/25745115c9423a31d5cba4c1eceb5cf9.jpg 1603bede806867814fb6757719249998 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2407a70a8e80b7dcb1ac26ee56b147bc.jpg fc062c8d06d83d7e012e51f2be7551d5 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5bd7d0c3e512d2393e52fb5909e72fa2.jpg 911a4925680e4b0ea95261659136c7bc https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/46f7f7d319d949a227723797295d3dda.jpg c359cd363f9dd15a6f68a40e77739c66 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/144bf0967a0f63f1e003cbc45afab1e4.jpg 7561ccdc9ef587edd5eb2378897acb39 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak chair has a raked rectangular upholstered back with squared back posts; the back cushion and front faces of the posts are covered in leather secured with double rows of brass dome-headed nails. The seat is also rectangular and similarly upholstered and covered. The front legs are bobbin-turned with squared blocks at the joints, while the back legs are squared and continuous with the back posts. There is a reel and bobbin-turned front stretcher, with two squared side stretchers on either side and one at the back. The upholstery is modern and the leather covers have been aged or may be re-used. This is a good copy of a 17th century backstool, probably made at the end of the 19th century. This is apparent in the clean-cut oak, with few signs of age or wear and tear. It was almost certainly made as a fake, intended to deceive, and since Frederick Parker paid 10 shillings for it in 1914 it may be assumed he believed this was a period chair. It has been taken for a period chair up to now, but on close examination there seems little doubt it is a copy. There is re-used timber in the back seat rail, which has part of a carved arch; using old timber in the making of fakes was common in the 19th century trade as a way of confusing customers. A period chair of this style would be dated 1675-85, based in part by the shape of the back, being rectangular rather than square; from around 1680 the rectangular back became more square and by the end of the century the fashion was for increasingly tall backs. For other backstools in the Frederick Parker Collection see FPF005, 008, 413 and 414; another example is in the Museum of the Home (illustrated in Bowett, 2002). Condition Back seat rail is re-used wood, with old tool marks. The stretchers appear to be re-used wood; the front stretcher has woodworm and may be walnut. 20th century upholstery using old or aged leather Materials Oak. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H 83 W 48 D 45 Parker Numbers OM 3305. 2399 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1914, at a cost of 10 shillings. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002, p. 80, Plate 3:22). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF006 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, upholstered with leather covers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1910 Description An account of the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, bobbin-turned and upholstered with leather covers. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/63afb90ea162bc744c2040b9d10826a3.jpg 1da971e40e03c126c69ff53d599ad75a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c2840dcee50dd302811e11a770704e85.jpg 3c9dcab01491720c627a06c79188c687 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f7d8949d71c419fdfe43990558314b22.jpg 14a88064fd66e0e930939d583b6dde99 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/4cc8e494c4421814dbffeeb23577d464.jpg 9a48c1ec4d0c6dac10181c9072866128 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This oak backstool has a rectangular panelled back set within moulded posts, beneath a raised crest carved with foliate scrolls on either side of a central flower, the posts with carved scrolls to the tops. A lower back rail is positioned at seat level. The back is slightly raked and the back legs, which are continuous with the posts, are upright. The seat is boarded and rests on rails tenoned into the legs. The front legs are turned with bobbins and reels, with squared blocks at the joints. There is a front stretcher which is turned with reels and balusters, with squared ends. There are two stretchers each side and one back stretcher. The ball-turned feet are missing. The overall form, proportions and decoration of this joined oak backstool indicate a date of 1680-1700. On earlier chairs the rectangular back was narrower in height. Gradually, backs became square and on later chairs, from around 1690, the fashion was for very high backs. The carved crest rail with its scrolled leaves and central flower is typical of late-17th century decoration. The front stretcher, turned with reels and positioned high off the ground, is also a late-17th century feature; on earlier backstools the front stretchers are generally plain, like the side and back stretchers here, and they are positioned at the same level as the lower side stretchers, close to the floor. Chairs like this, known as backstools, would have been for daily use in the parlour or dining room. Often in smaller or less prosperous households there was a single room where the family gathered for meals and where guests would have been received. Armchairs were still relatively scarce; there might have been a few backstools but most people would have sat on stools and benches at this period. The term ‘joined’ refers both to the maker, a joiner who was a skilled craftsman making furniture and panelling, and the structure of the chair, which is a framework joined with mortice and tenon joints, secured with wooden pegs and glue. In this example there is no upholstery, which would have kept the cost down, but upholstered backstools covered with leather or turkeywork (an English woollen cloth with a pattern derived from Turkish carpets) were also popular with more prosperous households. This backstool might have been made in the North West of England, where there was a strong tradition for oak furniture, and chairs of this type were made into the early 18th century. Condition The front and back legs, the front stretcher and the crest rail on this chair appear to be original. The seat boards, back panel and the side and rear stretchers are later replacements. Turned feet are missing. There are traces of black stain or varnish, possibly used to disguise the use of newer timber for the replacement parts. Materials Oak. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 100 W. 50 D. 46 Parker Numbers 6239 Provenance Not recorded, but in the Collection prior to 1993. Notes See Victor Chinnery, Oak, The British Tradition, Antique Collectors Club, 1979, p.278 and pp.518-9. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF008 Title A name given to the resource Oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1680-1700. Description An account of the resource A joined oak backstool, or side chair, with boarded seat and panel back with a carved crest rail and turned front legs and stretcher. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/9890726d4a8ffb8b52af90ac44f2e67d.jpg 4c8a8e20b42de5202f93309f74279c2b https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/a96717cdb9a1e60af95942b2ec1bc714.jpg 6221bdae5706e941a305a5c088799ed1 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/89121b2c9894983f2e2f42580779857a.jpg a16ca20ba8b982351f8e1c0c9a497beb https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2133cb5641d078acde9cb61feb445838.jpg 3c80d7d6433a39d08adc930b70e794f2 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/d2ccb7c368e5000de1216e35349caa9d.jpg afdfea786dacb15b8d56d4607748fc54 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f2073d113008d929052c9431ff2c6fb2.jpg b08160253835e2fdb764673447ae1574 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/5b238506a40afec7140de60ecaafffc0.jpg bb4db9e76790d1d685ebcf7ce3e7e76f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/92193b90f9c85ed15e5303b38c7e99a5.jpg 0b865766ac433949c66a90d88f12c3d0 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/12cfa5ee9da1919e25a38964a607879a.jpg b6628f69de88ea8ab50095b02b020f23 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description A walnut side chair with caned seat and back, the back posts of turned banister form with finials and the back comprised of panels and a crest rail carved and pierced with scrolled acanthus leaves and a crown at the centre of each. The back is raked slightly, and the back legs, which are continuous with the posts, are turned and have flared heels to add stability. The seat rails are carved with leaves and are morticed into the legs. The front legs are turned at the top and double scrolled below, the upper scroll shaped in an early form of ‘horsebone’; there are turned button feet. The legs are braced with a front stretcher, carved and pierced to match the back panels, and H stretchers turned with balusters and reels with squared blocks at the joints, and a higher rear stretcher, also turned. The seat and back are caned. This chair is not quite what it seems. The carved back panels and crest rail are original and would have been from a chair made between between 1685 and 1700. The rest of the chair is a skilful reproduction, carried out within the workshops of Frederick Parker & Sons in the 1930s. The chair was purchased by Parkers in 1930 and it seems likely it was in poor condition and required partial reconstruction; the newer turning and carving is well balanced and consistent with the style of the original parts in the back. The new work has been distressed and stained in an attempt to blend it in with the earlier pieces. Double scrolls and crowns first appear on English chairs in the mid-1680s and were popular until around 1700. ‘Banister’ back posts, so called because they look rather like banisters from a staircase, were introduced in around 1690, replacing the earlier fashion for twist turning. The front legs are of a double scroll form with a slight emphasis to the top scroll on each leg; this is an early form of what became known as the ‘horsebone’ scroll, which had a very pronounced reverse cut to the top scroll. The ‘horsebone’ leg first appeared on chairs in the late 1680s (Bowett, 2002). Caned chairs, and indeed upholstered chairs, went through a series of quite distinct design changes during a period of 60 years, from around 1665 to 1725. The making of these chairs in England was concentrated in London, mainly in and around St Paul’s Cathedral. Many were made for the Royal Household, as evidenced in the royal accounts, but the great majority were made for the increasingly fashion-conscious merchants and tradesmen, not just in London but across the country and abroad, in New England and on the Continent. They are listed in the inventories and wills of such people, indicating that they were frequently bought in sets; often sets of 12 chairs are mentioned. In many instances the documents show that caned chairs were used with cushions, or ‘squabs’ (Dewing, 2008). For a comparable chair in the Collection see FPF013. Condition The back panels and crest rail are original; the rest of the chair is a reproduction made by Frederick Parker & Sons in the 1930s. Materials Walnut. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 114 W. 51 D. 51 Parker Numbers Marked on rear seat rail: U 1905. 12/3788 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons, 1930, cost £8.17.6. Notes See Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002. For a chair with similar carving in the back panels see p. 99, Plate 3:53. See also David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture, Vol. XXII, 2008. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF012 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1680-1700 and later Description An account of the resource A caned side chair in walnut with turned banister back posts, the back panels, crest rail and front stretcher carved with acanthus scrolls and crowns. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/faf58874aa703eebe353febd5d57a4be.jpg f41b30c5b4839b721d528b6cd5bf0728 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7dbfea19f93cd1be29fa682a560c291a.jpg be5c4c2417b7f36b46dbc05ba839e61f https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/650fad2824d3637948a9cc4c08c88fc4.jpg 00804c61e46bdb3e25b09b13719650ff https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/82cb96d22acbae3dffd3b2973ea3aed4.jpg 851bd02c9d5ffdf30adb74df8277c013 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/7869d69fd75c7fd09a5c42f2ded8b18d.jpg 5a15c50cc89a9f3ee3b456b5aac348ed https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/23618ed0914fff8b9589e39edb1f45ee.jpg fdfc56c00ead2bc2a15c33d59084d4c8 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This walnut side chair has back panels and front stretcher all elaborately carved and pierced with leaves and flowers. The back posts are twist-turned with squared and carved blocks at the joints, and have turned and carved acorn finials. The back is raked from the seat up and has two panels of canework. The slightly tapered seat has foliate carved square-section rails and is caned. The rails are tenoned into the front legs, which have pear-shaped turnings and squared blocks at the joints carved with a patera, and end in ball-turned feet. The back legs are of similar form. There are H-form turned stretchers with squared blocks at the joints; above these the front stretcher is a carved panel matching those in the back; and there is a turned back stretcher. The form of carving on this chair was described in contemporary accounts as ‘cutt’ or ‘wrought with ‘scrowles’ and was introduced in around 1675 (Bowett 2002). Twist-turning was by this time frequently used by London joiners as an embellishment for furniture and stair banisters, having been introduced in around 1670. Walnut had become the preferred timber for quality furniture, replacing oak. In this chair the canework is what was referred to as ‘fine’, meaning the cane is split very thinly and woven through closely spaced holes, resulting in a fine mesh. It required more skill and more time and was therefore more expensive. Here, the cane in the back panels appears original, while that in the seat has been replaced. This is a good example of its type, with few repairs and restorations. The different parts of these chairs were batch-produced by specialist turners, carvers and others, brought together by a joiner and passed to the basket-maker for caning. The workmanship shows great skill but little finesse; no time was wasted on work which would not be seen or was not essential. Chairs like this were aimed at the middling classes and their prices had to be competitive (Dewing, 2008). Condition The chair is in good original condition, with original cane in the back. Replaced caning to seat. Repairs particularly to the top and lower panels in the back. Old woodworm damage in the front seat rail. Materials Walnut. Cane. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 117 W. 51 D. 53 Parker Numbers Marked 13/4614. 3031. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons, February 15th 1919, for £9.0.0 from Warings. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antique Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 88-91. David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture, Vol XXII, 2008. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF013 Title A name given to the resource Walnut side chair with caned seat and double panelled caned back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1675-1690 Description An account of the resource Walnut side chair carved with leaves and flowers, double panelled caned back and caned seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/35fee855aa0e5b3c19396485f85ad498.jpg 382744dc69c282c521e9da86885fb2a4 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8c19c80a2f0bd25c9e53f74afb977f51.jpg 11f32f091f94114449436894a7633d53 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/c2730907a5182be93f922c497f14c3b8.jpg 427506beddd92454571676bc421a8ec6 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2e2843bab23342205e08e7a9a239430b.jpg d19b749e175a1caca766f94e5566c4a7 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/20ce99f8c80410e5924001fb852df109.jpg a8ee977f7ad081c6dd0fd27b415a885a https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/583b76430e797d9a526b4df5756f45c3.jpg 2d61a229da2ed926bc13114db94ab6b3 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description Although this beech chair now has a rush seat, it was originally caned, as evidenced by scraps of cane visible under the rush. It has a high back formed of turned banister posts with a superimposed arched crest carved with scrolls and a lower rail with an inverted arch and scrolls to match. There are two vertical moulded bars which form the side supports for the cane, which is possibly original and is carried over part of the carved crest. The back legs are continuous with the posts and are turned, with squared blocks at the joints with the seat, stretchers and back rail. The back is sloping back and the legs are raked, with squared heels. The front legs are turned with short balusters and have squared blocks at the joints with the stretchers, and terminate in scrolled-over ‘Spanish’ feet. The front stretcher is turned with two centre balls and cones at either end. The back stretcher is a turned spindle which narrows from the centre to each end. There is an H-form turned stretcher between the front and back legs, set just above the feet, also with squared blocks at the joints. The chair is typical of those made between c.1710 and 1720. The seat rails have been altered to enable the later rush-work to fit within squared corner blocks above the front legs. There are traces of blue paint on the seat and on other parts of the chair, and the ebonised finish appears to have been applied later. The chair is made of beech, an inexpensive English wood, and is relatively plain in form and decoration, painted and later ebonised to make it look more special. As such, it would have been affordable to someone of moderate means, perhaps one of the new ‘middling sort’, those in a trade or profession who were increasingly significant in the development of Britain’s economy in the 18th century. Very few caned chairs were made outside London, so it is likely this was made in London to supply a demand for middle-quality furniture. It is remarkable that it has survived with few repairs or alterations. Condition The seat has been altered and rushed but was originally caned. Repairs to right stretcher. Bottom of right back leg replaced. Materials Beech. Rush with traces of cane underneath. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 118 W. 45 D. 47 Parker Numbers 6138 Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons, 14th December 1927 from Ferridge, £2.0.0. Notes For comparable banister-back caned chairs see Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1600-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antiques Collectors’ Club, 2002, pp. 262-7. For more on the London cane-chairmaking industry see David Dewing, Cane Chairs, Their Manufacture and Use in London, 1670-1730, Regional Furniture, Vol XXII, 2008, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF014 Title A name given to the resource Beech banister back chair with caned back and rush seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1710-1720 Description An account of the resource Beech banister back chair, ebonised, with caned back and rush seat. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8025ad1fd8ea5290af896b13feac9487.jpg 6129799347ab3a52b5d3cb0422ab5595 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/63f6dba7375f0b945d28fcb7f107d24e.jpg 6b7f32ff4e2eae9e5ae9e38b8677f3e6 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This round stool has four turned and carved beech legs of ‘horsebone’ form, joined by turned cross-stretchers. The exposed woodwork is ebonised, i.e., stained black to resemble ebony. The circular seat has a later wooden frame into which the legs are dowelled and is upholstered in modern materials with a wool cover. The legs are late 17th century, carved in the ‘horsebone’ shape which was introduced into England around 1685. The term ‘horsebone’ is probably derived from the French os de mouton, meaning sheep-bone and used to describe a similar form of scrolled leg on French furniture of the period. This type of leg was commonly used on English caned chairs between 1690 and 1715 (Bowett, 2002). The cross stretchers appear to be of the same period. The seat frame is later, and the upholstery is modern. Apart from joined oak stools, very few 17th century stools have survived; those with upholstery tend to be rectangular or square in shape, although a circular walnut stool with an upholstered seat is illustrated in Macqoid (see notes below). This stool is somewhat questionable; it could be a rare survivor from the 17th century, or it may have been made up in the 19th or early 20th century using four original legs. It is unusually small and it has been suggested it might have been made initially as a stand for a Chinese porcelain bowl or vase. Condition The legs and probably the stretchers are late 17th century. The seat frame is later and the upholstery is 20th century. Materials Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 38 W. 33 D. 33 Parker Numbers 3567. 2953. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in January 1914 for £11.0.0. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture 1660-1714, Antique Collectors Club, 2002. Percy Macquoid, A History of English Furniture, first published 1904-8, re-published by Bracken Books, 1988, p.129, fig. 276. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF017 Title A name given to the resource Beech circular stool with upholstered seat. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690-1715 Description An account of the resource An ebonised beech stool with four carved and turned legs joined by cross stretchers, with a circular upholstered seat with wool cover. https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/87ba7f432052367ceeaac0e06830fff0.jpg 8b30efc35b9cc658e0edf977cefb0896 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/f198294936a432e716ffc00a3b3c9668.jpg 9ecb3d2f056238c10f3634891f042793 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/70d6d0504e6d5115636650656a95b881.jpg b82d7a16e9bca217a415b7b858ecd365 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/2bfd995eb2904c0e575b9c2cbf29afae.jpg 467268499f1864eecae0985ce54bf9d8 https://www.frederickparkercollection.org.uk/files/original/8177d43b053db2c27b1e3576423bdc84.jpg 4558df7ddf1d8f81912c82038e3de3fa Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Full Description This high-back silvered and upholstered chair would have been part of an exceptional suite of furniture made for an aristocratic or royal household. The ornate carving and turning on the beech frame has been finished with gesso (fine plaster) to create a smooth surface for silver leaf. Although now in poor condition, this would have created a stunning display of wealth, enhanced by an expanse of high-quality upholstery and trimmings to the seat and back (only part of the webbing and base cloth of the original upholstery remain, the rest is likely to be late-19th or early-20th century). The back posts and legs are continuous, cut and shaped at an extreme angle to form the sloping back and steeply raked legs, and are of a type first documented in a bill from Thomas Roberts for the Royal Household in 1708, in which he described them as ‘Spreading back feet’ (Bowett, 2002). The front legs are of pillar form, turned and carved in a style which was first introduced in the 1690s, and are joined by an arched front stretcher carved with scrolls. There is also a turned H-stretcher and a further back stretcher, set slightly higher. The ends of these stretchers are turned at the joints with the legs. Taken together, this is clearly a fine and important chair dating from 1710-20 and is a rare survival in its un-restored state. It should be compared with a replica, FPF 464, made for the Frederick Parker Collection in 2007 as a study piece to show both how the original chair was made and to give an impression of how it would have appeared when new. Silvered furniture such as this chair was made during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, mainly for the Royal Court and the aristocracy (Beard, 1997). A similar chair, probably with its original covering, is illustrated in the Dictionary of English Furniture (Edwards, 1954). Condition The chair frame is in good original condition, although the gesso and silver finish is damaged and tarnished. Parts of the original upholstery survive, and the replaced cover is now in poor condition. Materials Beech. Upholstery. Physical Dimensions The physical size of the object H. 131 W. 66 D. 54 Parker Numbers 3674. 4397. Provenance Purchased by Frederick Parker & Sons in 1914 from Millar (probably Cecil Millar) for £25. Notes Adam Bowett, English Furniture, 1660-1714, From Charles II to Queen Anne, Antiques Collectors Club, 2002, pp. 254-9. Geoffrey Beard, Upholsterers and Interior Furnishing in England 1530-1840, Yale, 1997, pp. 124-5). Ralph Edwards, Dictionary of English Furniture, 1954, Vol. I, p. 253, fig 81. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FPF023 Title A name given to the resource A high back silvered beech side chair with upholstered seat and back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1710-1720 Description An account of the resource A high-back turned and carved silvered beech side chair with upholstered seat and back.